ArticleInfection and immunity2008
Toll-like receptor 9-dependent macrophage activation by Entamoeba histolytica DNA.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles in intestinal protozoa: hidden mediators of host-parasite communication.Gut pathogens · 2025Review
- The microbiota, the malarial parasite, and the mice-a three-sided relationship.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles Derived FromJournal of parasitology research · 2024Article
- Blood Bacteria-Free DNA in Septic Mice Enhances LPS-Induced Inflammation in Mice through Macrophage Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- A Squalene-Based Nanoemulsion for Therapeutic Delivery of Resiquimod.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- The NF-κB Pathway: Modulation byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
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- Characteristics of inflammatory reactions during development of liver abscess in hamsters inoculated with Entamoeba nuttalli.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- Article
- Entamoeba histolytica: Host parasite interactions at the colonic epithelium.Tissue barriers · 2017Article
- Immune responses against protozoan parasites: a focus on the emerging role of Nod-like receptors.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2016Review
- TRAF3: a novel tumor suppressor gene in macrophages.Macrophage · 2015Article
- Berberine Prevents Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Damage During Early Phase of Sepsis in Rat through the Toll-Like Receptors Signaling Pathway.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2015Article
- Myeloid cell TRAF3 regulates immune responses and inhibits inflammation and tumor development in mice.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Differential regulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression by mitogen-activated protein kinases in macrophages in response to intestinal parasite infection.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- The future for vaccine development against Entamoeba histolytica.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Review
- Modeling the interactions of bacteria and Toll-like receptor-mediated inflammation in necrotizing enterocolitis.Journal of theoretical biology · 2013Article
- Toll-like receptor signaling activation by Entamoeba histolytica induces beta defensin 2 in human colonic epithelial cells: its possible role as an element of the innate immune response.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2013Article
- Host immune response to intestinal amebiasis.PLoS pathogens · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system by bacterial DNA and DNA of other invertebrates represents a pathogen recognition mechanism. In this study we investigated macrophage responses to DNA from the intestinal protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. E. histolytica genomic DNA was purified from log-phase trophozoites and tested with the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. RAW cells treated with E. histolytica DNA demonstrated an increase in levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA and protein production. TNF-alpha production was blocked by pretreatment with chloroquine or monensin. In fact, an NF-kappaB luciferase reporter assay in HEK cells transfected with human TLR9 demonstrated that E. histolytica DNA signaled through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in a manner similar to that seen with CpG-ODN. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed NF-kappaB activation in RAW cells, as seen by nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit. Western blot analysis demonstrated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by E. histolytica DNA. E. histolytica DNA effects were abolished in MYD88-/- mouse-derived macrophages. In the context of disease, immunization with E. histolytica DNA protected gerbils from an E. histolytica challenge infection. Taken together, these results demonstrate that E. histolytica DNA is recognized by TLR9 to activate macrophages and may provide an innate defense mechanism characterized by the induction of the inflammatory mediator TNF-alpha.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.