ArticleImmunology2008
Innate immunity in insects: surface-associated dopa decarboxylase-dependent pathways regulate phagocytosis, nodulation and melanization in medfly haemocytes.
Article in Immunology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Relative Contributions ofInsects · 2026Article
- Is resistance futile? Life-history costs of escaping parasitoid attack in a major crop pest.Journal of economic entomology · 2026Article
- From gatekeeper to target: MAPK cascades as control circuits at the insect-microbe interface.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Advances in the use of entomopathogenic fungi to control ixodid ticks.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2026Review
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- Pathogen growth and virulence dynamics drive the host evolution against coinfections.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- DOPA Decarboxylase (DDC) in Pacific Oysters: Characterization and Role in Tyrosine Metabolism and Melanogenesis.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of the Diet on the Mortality and on Gene Expression of the Antimicrobial Peptide Tenecin 3 inInsects · 2023Article
- Diapause-Linked Gene Expression Pattern and Related Candidate Duplicated Genes of the Mountain ButterflyInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Why do insects evolve immune priming? A search for crossroads.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2022Review
- Septicaemia of subterranean termitesRoyal Society open science · 2020Article
- Experimental evolution of immunological specificity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Hemocyte Changes During Immune Melanization inInsects · 2019Article
- Article
- Melanization in response to wounding is ancestral in arthropods and conserved in albino cave species.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- The Global Transcription Factor Lrp Is both Essential for and Inhibitory to Xenorhabdus nematophila Insecticidal Activity.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- Suppression of Laccase 2 severely impairs cuticle tanning and pathogen resistance during the pupal metamorphosis of Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae).Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- Structural Basis of the Substrate Specificity and Enzyme Catalysis of aFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phagocytosis, melanization and nodulation in insects depend on phenoloxidase (PO) activity. In this report, we demonstrated that these three processes appear to be also dependent on dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) activity. Using flow cytometry, RNA interference, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence, we demonstrated the constitutive expression of Ddc and its strong association with the haemocyte surface, in the medfly Ceratitis capitata. In addition, we showed that Escherichia coli phagocytosis is markedly blocked by small interfering RNA (siRNA) for Ddc, antibodies against Ddc, as well as by inhibitors of Ddc activity, namely carbidopa and benzerazide, convincingly revealing the involvement of Ddc activity in phagocytosis. By contrast, latex beads and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not require Ddc activity for their uptake. It was also shown that nodulation and melanization processes depend on Ddc activation, because antibodies against Ddc and inhibitors of Ddc activity prevent haemocyte aggregation and melanization in the presence of excess E. coli. Therefore, phagocytosis, melanization and nodulation depend on haemocyte-surface-associated PO and Ddc. These three unrelated mechanisms are based on tyrosine metabolism and share a number of substrates and enzymes; however, they appear to be distinct. Phagocytosis and nodulation depend on dopamine-derived metabolite(s), not including the eumelanin pathway, whereas melanization depends exclusively on the eumelanin pathway. It must also be underlined that melanization is not a prerequisite for phagocytosis or nodulation. To our knowledge, the involvement of Ddc, as well as dopa and its metabolites, are novel aspects in the phagocytosis of medfly haemocytes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.