ReviewDrugs2007
Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infections: current and future therapeutic options.
Review in Drugs, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ceftaroline fosamil for community-acquired pneumonia and skin and skin structure infections: a systematic review.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2017Pooled it
- Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance ofInfectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Post-Vaccination Surveillance of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Ghana.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Physicochemical and Proteolytic Barriers Limiting Activity of Cpl-1 and Pal Endolysins in Human Circulation.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Synthesis, Biological Studies, andComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Second-order regulation: IFN-γ suppresses IL-17A-mediated type 3 inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Montelukast treatsMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Computational and in vitro evaluation of probiotic treatments for nasalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Negative Cross-Talk between TLR2/4-Independent AMPKα1 and TLR2/4-Dependent JNK RegulatesJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Pneumonia and Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases: The Role of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in the Era of Multi-Drug Resistance.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Trends ofYonsei medical journal · 2021Article
- Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Methicillin-ResistantInfectious disease reports · 2021Article
- Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Krueppel-Like Factor 4 Expression in Phagocytes Regulates Early Inflammatory Response and Disease Severity in Pneumococcal Pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Genomic Insight into the Spread of Meropenem-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae SpainEmerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Induction of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Mediates Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Activation inFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Trends in Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Pneumococcal carriage among sickle cell disease patients in Accra, Ghana: Risk factors, serotypes and antibiotic resistance.PloS one · 2018Article
- Antibacterial compound produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain UICC B-40, an endophytic bacterium isolated from Neesia altissima.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is increasing worldwide, affecting principally beta-lactams and macrolides (prevalence ranging between approximately 1% and 90% depending on the geographical area). Fluoroquinolone resistance has also started to emerge in countries with high level of antibacterial resistance and consumption. Of more concern, 40% of pneumococci display multi-drug resistant phenotypes, again with highly variable prevalence among countries. Infections caused by resistant pneumococci can still be treated using first-line antibacterials (beta-lactams), provided the dosage is optimised to cover less susceptible strains. Macrolides can no longer be used as monotherapy, but are combined with beta-lactams to cover intracellular bacteria. Ketolides could be an alternative, but toxicity issues have recently restricted the use of telithromycin in the US. The so-called respiratory fluoroquinolones offer the advantages of easy administration and a spectrum covering extracellular and intracellular pathogens. However, their broad spectrum raises questions regarding the global risk of resistance selection and their safety profile is far from optimal for wide use in the community. For multi-drug resistant pneumococci, ketolides and fluoroquinolones could be considered. A large number of drugs with activity against these multi-drug resistant strains (cephalosporins, carbapenems, glycopeptides, lipopeptides, ketolides, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, glycylcyclines, quinolones, deformylase inhibitors) are currently in development. Most of them are only new derivatives in existing classes, with improved intrinsic activity or lower susceptibility to resistance mechanisms. Except for the new fluoroquinolones, these agents are also primarily targeted towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections; therefore, demonstration of their clinical efficacy in the management of pneumococcal infections is still awaited.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.