ReviewFrontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library2008
Mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of PPAR-gamma agonists.
Review in Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 224 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
224 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 421 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does Intensive Therapy Targeting Modifiable Risk Factors Prevent Diabetic Neuropathy in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of non-invasive pharmacologic neuroprotective treatments for acute spinal cord injury.Journal of neurotrauma · 2011Pooled it
- Impact of ibuprofen and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma on emotion-related neural activation: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Trial
- PPARγ activation by pioglitazone does not suppress cravings for alcohol, and is associated with a risk of myopathy in treatment seeking alcohol dependent patients: a randomized controlled proof of principle study.Psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Safety and tolerability of adjunctive rosiglitazone treatment for children with uncomplicated malaria.Malaria journal · 2017Trial
- The effects of pioglitazone adjuvant therapy on negative symptoms of patients with chronic schizophrenia: a double-blind and placebo-controlled trial.Human psychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- Use of insulin sensitizers for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a pilot study of pioglitazone for major depression accompanied by abdominal obesity.Journal of affective disorders · 2012Trial
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis shapes brain T-cell immunity in accelerated aging.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Immunometabolic transcriptomic signatures of diabetes-related genes predict kidney transplant rejection.Renal failure · 2026Article
- PPARγ Signaling in the Central Nervous System: A Review of the Implications in Synaptic Plasticity, Neuroinflammatory and Neoplastic Processes.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- Modulation of the endocannabinoid system reduces inflammatory signalling in canine mammary carcinoma cells.Veterinary record open · 2026Article
- Potential Roles of Prostaglandins PGD2, PGJ2, and PGE2 in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Pharmacological insights into deoxyelephantopin: a multifunctional sesquiterpene with therapeutic promise in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- The GPR124‑Wnt‑PPARγ regulatory axis: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in chronic inflammatory diseases (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Identification of antidiabetic leads using in-silico screening, molecular dynamics simulation, and biological evaluation using cell viability, anti-adipogenesis, glucose uptake, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ in-vitro assay.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
- PPARG as a central regulator of ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease: integrated transcriptomic, single-cell, and experimental evidence.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Aesculus hippocastanum Extract Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in an MPPJournal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Bridging reward and resilience: the endocannabinoid system as a unifying mechanism in exercise-induced protection against major depressive disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Article
- Repurposing Saroglitazar for neurodegenerative disorders: insight into molecular signalling pathways and neuroprotective modulations.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
164 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. The 3 PPAR isoforms (alpha, delta/beta and gamma) are known to control many physiological functions including glucose absorption, lipid balance, and cell growth and differentiation. Of interest, PPAR-gamma activation was recently shown to mitigate the inflammation associated with chronic and acute neurological insults. Particular attention was paid to test the therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists in acute conditions like stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), in which massive inflammation plays a detrimental role. While 15d-prostaglandin J2 (15d PGJ2) is the natural ligand of PPAR-gamma, the thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are potent exogenous agonists. Due to their insulin-sensitizing properties, 2 TZDs rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are currently FDA-approved for type-2 diabetes treatment. Recent studies from our laboratory and other groups have shown that TZDs induce significant neuroprotection in animal models of focal ischemia and SCI by multiple mechanisms. The beneficial actions of TZDs were observed to be both PPAR-gamma-dependent as well as -independent. The major mechanism of TZD-induced neuroprotection seems to be prevention of microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression. TZDs were also shown to prevent the activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors at the same time promoting the anti-oxidant mechanisms in the injured CNS. This review article discusses the multiple mechanisms of TZD-induced neuroprotection in various animal models of CNS injury with an emphasis on stroke.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.