ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2007
Human capping enzyme promotes formation of transcriptional R loops in vitro.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanism of expression regulation of head-to-head overlapping protein-coding genes INO80E and HIRIP3.Communications biology · 2025Article
- NKAPL facilitates transcription pause-release and bridges elongation to initiation during meiosis exit.Nature communications · 2025Article
- R-loops and small RNA regulatory interactions: mechanisms and clinical perspectives.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- R-loop and diseases: the cell cycle matters.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Review
- Review
- Simplicity is the Ultimate Sophistication-Crosstalk of Post-translational Modifications on the RNA Polymerase II.Journal of molecular biology · 2021Review
- Best practices for the visualization, mapping, and manipulation of R-loops.The EMBO journal · 2021Review
- RNA-DNA strand exchange by the Drosophila Polycomb complex PRC2.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Interplay of mRNA capping and transcription machineries.Bioscience reports · 2020Review
- C3P3-G1: first generation of a eukaryotic artificial cytoplasmic expression system.Nucleic acids research · 2019Article
- Toward predictive R-loop computational biology: genome-scale prediction of R-loops reveals their association with complex promoter structures, G-quadruplexes and transcriptionally active enhancers.Nucleic acids research · 2018Article
- mRNA Cap Methyltransferase, RNMT-RAM, Promotes RNA Pol II-Dependent Transcription.Cell reports · 2018Article
- BRCA2 prevents R-loop accumulation and associates with TREX-2 mRNA export factor PCID2.Nature · 2014Article
- Pre-mRNA processing factors meet the DNA damage response.Frontiers in genetics · 2013Article
- Human senataxin resolves RNA/DNA hybrids formed at transcriptional pause sites to promote Xrn2-dependent termination.Molecular cell · 2011Article
- Competition between the RNA transcript and the nontemplate DNA strand during R-loop formation in vitro: a nick can serve as a strong R-loop initiation site.Molecular and cellular biology · 2010Article
- "Cotranscriptionality": the transcription elongation complex as a nexus for nuclear transactions.Molecular cell · 2009Review
- G clustering is important for the initiation of transcription-induced R-loops in vitro, whereas high G density without clustering is sufficient thereafter.Molecular and cellular biology · 2009Article
- The Carboxyl-terminal Domain of RNA Polymerase II Is Not Sufficient to Enhance the Efficiency of Pre-mRNA Capping or Splicing in the Context of a Different Polymerase.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cap formation is the first step of pre-mRNA processing in eukaryotic cells. Immediately after transcription initiation, capping enzyme (CE) is recruited to RNA polymerase II (Pol II) by the phosphorylated carboxyl-terminal domain of the Pol II largest subunit (CTD), allowing cotranscriptional capping of the nascent pre-mRNA. Recent studies have indicated that CE affects transcription elongation and have suggested a checkpoint model in which cotranscriptional capping is a necessary step for the early phase of transcription. To investigate further the role of the CTD in linking transcription and processing, we generated a fusion protein of the mouse CTD with T7 RNA polymerase (CTD-T7 RNAP). Unexpectedly, in vitro transcription assays with CTD-T7 RNAP showed that CE promotes formation of DNA.RNA hybrids or R loops. Significantly, phosphorylation of the CTD was required for CE-dependent R-loop formation (RLF), consistent with a critical role for the CTD in CE recruitment to the transcription complex. The guanylyltransferase domain was necessary and sufficient for RLF, but catalytic activity was not required. In vitro assays with appropriate synthetic substrates indicate that CE can promote RLF independent of transcription. ASF/SF2, a splicing factor known to prevent RLF, and GTP, which affects CE conformation, antagonized CE-dependent RLF. Our findings suggest that CE can play a direct role in transcription by modulating displacement of nascent RNA during transcription.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.