ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2008
Determination of cytokine protein levels in cervical mucus samples from young women by a multiplex immunoassay method and assessment of correlates.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in concentrations of cervicovaginal immune mediators across the menstrual cycle: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Herpes Simplex Virus Suppressive Therapy in Herpes Simplex Virus-2/Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Coinfected Women Is Associated With Reduced Systemic CXCL10 But Not Genital Cytokines.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Assessment of Cervical IL-6 Levels and Neonatal Inflammatory Response in Preterm Birth Following Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Study of Antiretroviral Drug Permeability at the Cervicovaginal MucosaPharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Role of Immunity and Vaginal Microbiome in Clearance and Persistence of Human Papillomavirus Infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Exploring the knowledge and attitudes of women of reproductive age from the general public towards egg donation and egg sharing: a UK-based study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Association of bacterial vaginosis with periodontitis in a cross-sectional American nationwide survey.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- IL-6 and IL-10 in the serum and exfoliated cervical cells of patients infected with high-risk human papillomavirus.PloS one · 2021Article
- Association of IL-1 and TNF-α Levels in Endometrial Secretion and Success of Embryo Transfer in IVF/ICSI Cycles.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2019Article
- Optimising the collection of female genital tract fluid for cytokine analysis in pregnant women.Journal of immunological methods · 2018Article
- Increased TNF-alpha and sTNFR2 levels are associated with high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-positive patients with low CD4 level.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2017Article
- The Interplay of Host Immunity, Environment and the Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Reproductive Health Outcomes.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Review
- Characterization of host immunity during persistent vaginal colonization by Group B Streptococcus.Mucosal immunology · 2015Article
- The relationship between some endometrial secretion cytokines and in vitro fertilization.Iranian journal of reproductive medicine · 2015Article
- Positing, fitting, and selecting regression models for pooled biomarker data.Statistics in medicine · 2015Article
- Expression of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors predicts HPV16 clearance associated with an E6-directed cell-mediated response.International journal of cancer · 2015Article
- Colonization of the upper genital tract by vaginal bacterial species in nonpregnant women.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2015Article
- Cytokine profile in cervical mucosa of Japanese patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.International journal of clinical oncology · 2015Article
- Biological and behavioral risks for incident Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a prospective cohort.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytokines in cervical mucus are likely to play important roles in controlling pathogens. The cervical mucosal environment is complex, however, with many endogenous and exogenous factors that may affect cytokine levels. We used a multiplex, suspension-array-based immunoassay method to measure 10 proinflammatory (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-6, and IL-8) and immunoregulatory (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-13) cytokines in cervical mucus specimens collected via ophthalmic sponge from 72 healthy, nonpregnant women and correlate their levels with biologic and behavioral covariates in a cross-sectional design. Proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines were readily detected, although proinflammatory cytokines were present at markedly higher levels than were immunoregulatory cytokines. Among the covariates examined, the most striking finding was the significant (P < or = 0.05) association between depressed levels of the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 and cigarette smoking. Also, nonsignificant trends toward lower cytokine levels were found in the settings of incident and persistent human papillomavirus infection. The ready detection of proinflammatory cytokines may be reflective of the female genital tract as an anatomic site that is constantly exposed to immunogenic stimulation. Cigarette smoking appears to downregulate cytokine responses in the cervical mucosa, which may help explain the implicated role of tobacco use as a cofactor for cervical cancer development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.