ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2008
Human skin endothelial cells can express all 10 TLR genes and respond to respective ligands.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- ARF6 inhibition stabilizes the vasculature and enhances survival during endotoxic shock.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
- Roles of endothelial cells during infection.Current opinion in immunology · 2025Review
- A tissue-engineered model of the blood-tumor barrier during metastatic breast cancer.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- Shedding light on the molecular and regulatory mechanisms of TLR4 signaling in endothelial cells under physiological and inflamed conditions.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Uncovering a novel role of focal adhesion and interferon-gamma in cellular rejection of kidney allografts at single cell resolution.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Plasticity towards Rigidity: A Macrophage Conundrum in Pulmonary Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Tumour Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Challenging Target to Blunt Tumour Immune Evasion.Cancers · 2022Review
- The role of Toll-like receptors and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
- The role of inflammation in hematopoiesis and bone marrow failure: What can we learn from mouse models?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Microarray patches enable the development of skin-targeted vaccines against COVID-19.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- The Impact of Inflammation on the Immune Responses to Transplantation: Tolerance or Rejection?Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Toll-like receptors in mediating pathogenesis in systemic sclerosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Review
- Contribution of Aberrant Toll Like Receptor Signaling to the Pathogenesis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Impact of curcumin on toll-like receptors.Journal of cellular physiology · 2019Review
- Expression of toll-like receptors and their regulatory roles in murine cardiac telocytes.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2019Article
- An overview of mast cell pattern recognition receptors.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2018Review
- Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future.International immunopharmacology · 2018Review
- Cellular and Molecular Heterogeneity Associated with Vessel Formation Processes.BioMed research international · 2018Review
- The Activation of Human Dermal Microvascular Cells by Poly(I:C), Lipopolysaccharide, Imiquimod, and ODN2395 Is Mediated by the Fli1/FOXO3A Pathway.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breakdown of the skin barrier requires the recognition of and rapid responses to invading pathogens. Since wounding usually also affects endothelial intactness, the expression of receptors of the Toll-like family involved in pathogen recognition in human skin vessel endothelia was examined. We found that human skin-derived microvascular endothelial cells can express all 10 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) currently known and will respond to respective ligands. Using immortalized skin-derived (HMEC-1) and primary dermal endothelial cells (HDMEC), we screened for TLR expression by real-time PCR. Endothelial cells express 7 (for HDMEC) and 8 (for HMEC-1) of the 10 known human TLRs under resting conditions but can express all 10 receptors in proinflammatory conditions. To provide evidence of TLR functionality, endothelial cells were challenged with TLR ligands, and after the TLR downstream signaling, MyD88 recruitment as well as early (interleukin-8 [IL-8] release) and late immune markers (inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression) were monitored. Surprisingly, the responses observed were not uniform but were highly specific depending on the respective TLR ligand. For instance, lipopolysaccharides highly increased IL-8 release, but CpG DNA induced significant suppression. Additionally, TLR-specific responses were found to differ between resting and activated endothelial cells. These results show that human skin-derived endothelial cells can function as an important part of the innate immune response, can actively sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and can mount an increased or reduced inflammatory signal upon exposure to any of the currently known TLR ligands. Moreover, we also show here that proinflammatory conditions may affect TLR expression in a specific and nonuniform pattern.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.