Trial reportBiological psychiatry2008
A single dose of nicotine enhances reward responsiveness in nonsmokers: implications for development of dependence.
Trial report in Biological psychiatry, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00383747 (A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of the Effects of Transdermal Nicotine on Cognitive Function in Non-Smokers With and Without Schizophrenia), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of the Effects of Transdermal Nicotine on Cognitive Function in Non-Smokers With and Without Schizophrenia
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treating tobacco use disorder in pregnant women in medication-assisted treatment for an opioid use disorder: a systematic review.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2015Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the acute effects of nicotine and smoking on human performance.Psychopharmacology · 2010Pooled it
- Acute Effects of Nicotine on Non-Drug-Related Reward in Smokers and Non-Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Acetylcholine and noradrenaline enhance foraging optimality in humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Trial
- The acute effects of nicotine on corticostriatal responses to distinct phases of reward processing.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Nicotine normalizes cortico-striatal connectivity in non-smoking individuals with major depressive disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Nicotine Increases Activation to Anticipatory Valence Cues in Anterior Insula and Striatum.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Trial
- Neural Signatures of Cognitive Flexibility and Reward Sensitivity Following Nicotinic Receptor Stimulation in Dependent Smokers: A Randomized Trial.JAMA psychiatry · 2017Trial
- Maintenance pharmacotherapy normalizes the relapse curve in recently abstinent tobacco smokers with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Schizophrenia research · 2017Trial
- Is the Effect of Anhedonia on Smoking Cessation Greater for Women Versus Men?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Trial
- Association between nicotine withdrawal and reward responsiveness in humans and rats.JAMA psychiatry · 2014Trial
- Effects of amphetamine on reactivity to emotional stimuli.Psychopharmacology · 2012Trial
- Do brain responses to emotional images and cigarette cues differ? An fMRI study in smokers.The European journal of neuroscience · 2011Trial
- Probing biomarkers and clinical utility of reward learning across species using the Probabilistic Reward Task: 20 years of findings.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- The impact of e-cigarette use on cognitive function, emotional intelligence, and dementia risk in adolescents and young adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Longitudinal changes in reinforcement learning during smoking cessation: a computational analysis using a probabilistic reward task.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Smoking Progression and Nicotine-Enhanced Reward Sensitivity Predicted by Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Salience and Executive Control Networks.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Observational
- Article
- Enhanced decision-making in nicotine dependent individuals who abstain: A computational analysis using Hierarchical Drift Diffusion Modeling.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Pre-frontal stimulation does not reliably increase reward responsiveness.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2023Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTobacco smoking, driven by the addictive properties of nicotine, is the most prevalent preventable cause of death in the Western world. Accumulated evidence suggests that nicotine may increase appetitive responding for nondrug incentives in the environment.
methodsTo test this hypothesis, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the effect of a single dose of transdermal nicotine on reward responsiveness in 30 psychiatrically healthy nonsmokers. A novel signal detection task in which correct responses were differentially rewarded in a 3:1 ratio was used to assess the extent to which participants modulated their behavior as a function of reward.
resultsDespite expected adverse effects such as nausea, nicotine significantly increased response bias toward the more frequently rewarded condition, at the expense of accuracy, independent of effects on attention or overall vigilance. Additionally, response bias on placebo was greater in participants who received nicotine in the first session, indicating that an effect of nicotine on reward responsiveness or reward-based learning persisted for at least 1 week.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that a single dose of nicotine enhances response to non-drug-related rewards in the environment, with lasting effects. This effect may contribute to reinforcement of early smoking behavior and development of nicotine dependence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.