ArticleAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2008
Gremlin-mediated decrease in bone morphogenetic protein signaling promotes pulmonary fibrosis.
Article in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
- Results from omic approaches in rat or mouse models exposed to inhaled crystalline silica: a systematic review.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2024Pooled it
- Tilorone suppresses TGF-β-driven fibroblast activation and restores BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling: implications for laryngotracheal fibrosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mediated Suppression of GREM2 Inhibits Renal Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Attenuates the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease.International journal of stem cells · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 in Respiratory Diseases.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2024Review
- Emerging role of BMPs/BMPR2 signaling pathway in treatment for pulmonary fibrosis.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2024Review
- Realveolarization with inhalable mucus-penetrating lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in mice.Science advances · 2024Article
- Demethyleneberberine Alleviates Pulmonary Fibrosis through Disruption of USP11 Deubiquitinating GREM1.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Emerging delivery approaches for targeted pulmonary fibrosis treatment.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- GREM1 signaling in cancer: tumor promotor and suppressor?Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2023Article
- Liver organoid culture methods.Cell & bioscience · 2023Review
- The inhibitory effect of Gremlin-2 on adipogenesis suppresses breast cancer cell growth and metastasis.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- GREM1 is a potential biomarker for the progression and prognosis of bladder cancer.World journal of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- Understanding of arthrofibrosis: New explorative insights into extracellular matrix remodeling of synovial fibroblasts.PloS one · 2023Article
- Serum Osteopontin, KL-6, and Syndecan-4 as Potential Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis: A Case-Control Study.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Immune mechanisms in fibrotic pulmonary sarcoidosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- GREM1/PPP2R3A expression in heterogeneous fibroblasts initiates pulmonary fibrosis.Cell & bioscience · 2022Article
- PTPα promotes fibroproliferative responses after acute lung injury.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2022Article
- Gremlin1 and TGF-β1 protect kidney tubular epithelial cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury through different pathways.International urology and nephrology · 2022Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleMembers of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily, including TGF-betas and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and regeneration after injury. We have observed that the BMP antagonist, gremlin, is highly up-regulated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
objectivesTo investigate the role of gremlin in the regulation of BMP signaling in pulmonary fibrosis.
methodsProgressive asbestos-induced fibrosis in the mouse was used as a model of human IPF. TGF-beta and BMP expression and signaling activities were measured from murine and human fibrotic lungs. The mechanism of gremlin induction was analyzed in cultured lung epithelial cells. In addition, the possible therapeutic role of gremlin inhibition was tested by administration of BMP-7 to mice after asbestos exposure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsGremlin mRNA levels were up-regulated in the asbestos-exposed mouse lungs, which is in agreement with the human IPF biopsy data. Down-regulation of BMP signaling was demonstrated by reduced levels of Smad1/5/8 and enhanced Smad2 phosphorylation in asbestos-treated lungs. Accordingly, analyses of cultured human bronchial epithelial cells indicated that asbestos-induced gremlin expression could be prevented by inhibitors of the TGF-beta receptor and also by inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathways. BMP-7 treatment significantly reduced hydroxyproline contents in the asbestos-treated mice.
conclusionsThe TGF-beta and BMP signaling balance is important for lung regenerative events and is significantly perturbed in pulmonary fibrosis. Rescue of BMP signaling activity may represent a potential beneficial strategy for treating human pulmonary fibrosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.