ArticleAmerican journal of public health2007
Relationships between skin color, income, and blood pressure among African Americans in the CARDIA Study.
Article in American journal of public health, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health Implications of Colorism: A Narrative Review of the Literature.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Skin tone - a marker of bias known as colorism - in relation to sleep health among African American women.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Variation in Skin Red and Yellow Undertone: Reliability of Ratings and Relevance for Perceived Social Experiences.Social psychology quarterly · 2024Article
- A Comparison of 5 Measures of Accelerated Biological Aging and Their Association With Incident Cardiovascular Disease: The CARDIA Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Instrumental Variable Analysis of Racial Discrimination and Blood Pressure in a Sample of Young Adults.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Shades of health: Skin color, ethnicity, and mental health among Black Americans.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- Color disparities in cognitive aging among Puerto Ricans on the archipelago.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Disparities by Skin Color Among Young African-American Women.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2021Article
- Are skin color and body mass index associated with social network structure? Findings from a male sex market study.Ethnicity & health · 2021Article
- Leveraging genetic ancestry to study health disparities.American journal of physical anthropology · 2021Article
- Prediction of Hypertension Based on Facial Complexion.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A tale of two generations: Maternal skin color and adverse birth outcomes in Black/African American women.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2020Article
- The color of death: race, observed skin tone, and all-cause mortality in the United States.Ethnicity & health · 2020Article
- Educational and criminal justice outcomes 12 years after school suspension.Youth & society · 2020Article
- Trajectories of Discrimination across the College Years: Associations with Academic, Psychological, and Physical Adjustment Outcomes.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2020Article
- Skin Tone Matters: Racial Microaggressions and Delayed Prenatal Care.American journal of preventive medicine · 2019Article
- "No [Right] Way to be a Black Woman": Exploring Gendered Racial Socialization Among Black Women.Psychology of women quarterly · 2019Article
- Colorism Demonstrates Dampened Effects Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in Chicago.Journal of the National Medical Association · 2019Article
- Light Privilege? Skin Tone Stratification in Health among African Americans.Sociology of race and ethnicity (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2019Article
- BMI Trajectories in Adulthood: The Intersection of Skin Color, Gender, and Age among African Americans.Journal of health and social behavior · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe explored how income and skin color interact to influence the blood pressure of African American adults enrolled in the longitudinal Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.
methodsData were derived from 1893 African American CARDIA year-15 participants who had undergone skin reflectance assessments at year 7. We adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, and use of antihypertensive medication to examine whether year-15 self-reported family incomes, in interaction with skin reflectance, predicted blood pressure levels.
resultsMean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were 117.1 (+/-16.07) and 76.9 (+/-12.5) mm Hg, respectively. After adjustment, the interaction between skin reflectance and income was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (P< .01). Among lighter-skinned African Americans, systolic pressure decreased as income increased (b= -1.15, P<.001); among those with darker skin, systolic blood pressure increased with increasing income (b=0.10, P=.75).
conclusionsThe protective gradient of income on systolic blood pressure seen among African Americans with lighter skin is not observed to the same degree among those with darker skin. Psychosocial stressors, including racial discrimination, may play a role in this relationship.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.