Trial reportVascular health and risk management2007
PROactive 07: pioglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: results of the PROactive study.
Trial report in Vascular health and risk management, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00174993 (PROspective PioglitAzone Clinical Trial In MacroVascular Events), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PROspective PioglitAzone Clinical Trial In MacroVascular Events: A Macrovascular Outcome Study in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Comparing Pioglitazone With Placebo in Addition to Existing Therapy
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in people with stroke or transient ischaemic attack.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in people with stroke or transient ischaemic attack.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) as a mechano-metabolic transducer: coordinating lipid homeostasis through mechanical cues.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- The Many Facets of PPAR-γ Agonism in Obesity and Associated Comorbidities: Benefits, Risks, Challenges, and Future Directions.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- The Triad of Risk: Linking MASLD, Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes; From Pathophysiology to Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Effect of Glucose Levels on Cardiovascular Risk.Cells · 2022Review
- Anti-Diabetic Therapy, Heart Failure and Oxidative Stress: An Update.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Targeting β-cell dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation: opportunities and challenges.Endocrine connections · 2021Review
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: implications for endocrinologists and cardiologists.Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism · 2020Review
- Association of Glycemic Indices (Hyperglycemia, Glucose Variability, and Hypoglycemia) with Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Complications.Journal of diabetes research · 2020 · on this mapReview
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in people with stroke or transient ischaemic attack.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Review
- First cardiovascular event in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of a cardiovascular risk management program of a poor Colombian population: a cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2019Article
- Interpretation of cardiovascular outcome trials in type 2 diabetes needs a multiaxial approach.World journal of diabetes · 2015Article
- Effect of Atorvastatin and Pioglitazone on Plasma Levels of Adhesion Molecules in Non-Diabetic Patients With Hypertension or Stable Angina or Both.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2015Article
- Nuclear receptors and their selective pharmacologic modulators.Pharmacological reviews · 2013Review
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.Future cardiology · 2010Review
- Molecular determinants of the cardiometabolic phenotype.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2010Review
- Review
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as stimulants of angiogenesis in cardiovascular disease and diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes face an increased risk of macrovascular disease compared to those without. Significant reductions in the risk of major cardiovascular events can be achieved with appropriate drug therapy, although patients with type 2 diabetes remain at increased risk compared with non-diabetics. The thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone, is known to offer multiple, potentially antiatherogenic, effects that may have a beneficial impact on macrovascular outcomes, including long-term improvements in insulin resistance (associated with an increased rate of atherosclerosis) and improvement in the atherogenic lipid triad (low HDL-cholesterol, raised triglycerides, and a preponderance of small, dense LDL particles) that is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. The recent PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events (PROactive) study showed that pioglitazone can reduce the risk of secondary macrovascular events in a high-risk patient population with type 2 diabetes and established macrovascular disease. Here, we summarize the key results from the PROactive study and place them in context with other recent outcome trials in type 2 diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
17969365PMC2291341W1561779083What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.