ArticleInfection and immunity2008
Outer membrane protein sequence variation in lambs experimentally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Generation of Population-Level Diversity inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Temporal patterns of gene expression in response to inoculation with a virulent Anaplasma phagocytophilum strain in sheep.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Comparative Whole Genome Analysis of anPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Intrauterine Transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Persistently Infected Lambs.Veterinary sciences · 2018Article
- A comparison of nonlinear mixed models and response to selection of tick-infestation on lambs.PloS one · 2017Article
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum--a widespread multi-host pathogen with highly adaptive strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2013Review
- Antigen variability in Anaplasma phagocytophilum during chronic infection of a reservoir host.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2012Article
- Adaptive immunity to Anaplasma pathogens and immune dysregulation: implications for bacterial persistence.Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases · 2012Review
- Genetic variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum from 14 equine granulocytic anaplasmosis cases.Parasites & vectors · 2011Article
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis: subversive manipulators of host cells.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2010Review
- Variant -and individual dependent nature of persistent Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2010Article
- Variant-specific and diminishing immune responses towards the highly variable MSP2(P44) outer membrane protein of Anaplasma phagocytophilum during persistent infection in lambs.Veterinary immunology and immunopathology · 2010Article
- Article
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum MSP2(P44)-18 predominates and is modified into multiple isoforms in human myeloid cells.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
- Dynamic transmission of numerous Anaplasma phagocytophilum genotypes among lambs in an infected sheep flock in an area of anaplasmosis endemicity.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum has long been known to cause tick-borne fever in ruminants and has been identified more recently as the causative agent of the emerging disease human granulocytic anaplasmosis. The related organism Anaplasma marginale uses gene conversion of the expression site for two major outer membrane proteins (OMPs) to generate extensive sequence and antigenic variation in these OMPs. This is thought to present a continuously varying repertoire of epitopes to the mammalian host and allow disease persistence. Recent genomic and structural data on human strains of A. phagocytophilum, together with animal studies in model systems, have implicated an orthologous OMP of A. phagocytophilum in a similar mechanism of variation. However, to date there has been little investigation of the mechanisms of antigenic variation or disease persistence in hosts naturally infected with field strains of A. phagocytophilum. Approximately 300,000 lambs in Norway suffer severe disease caused by A. phagocytophilum annually. We show here the persistent and cyclic nature of infection in these animals that is accompanied by loosely programmed sequence variation of the major OMP expression site in each rickettsemic peak. These data will allow analysis of interactions between A. phagocytophilum and the host immune system in naturally occurring persistent infections and provide an important comparison with enduring infections of cattle caused by A. marginale.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.