ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2007
Changes in viral protein function that accompany retroviral endogenization.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Abnormal immunoglobulin expression and B-cell follicle organization in inborn errors of immunity/primary immunodeficiency.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Crossing Wallace's line: an evolutionarily young gibbon ape leukemia virus like endogenous retrovirus identified from the Philippine flying lemur (Cynocephalus volans).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- piRNA Defense Against Endogenous Retroviruses.Viruses · 2024Review
- A recent gibbon ape leukemia virus germline integration in a rodent from New Guinea.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Virus-Induced Cell Fusion and Syncytia Formation.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Article
- Endogenous viral elements reveal associations between a non-retroviral RNA virus and symbiotic dinoflagellate genomes.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Geographic patterns of koala retrovirus genetic diversity, endogenization, and subtype distributions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Convergent evolution of antiviral machinery derived from endogenous retrovirus truncated envelope genes in multiple species.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Koala retrovirus load and non-A subtypes are associated with secondary disease among wild northern koalas.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Phylogenetic and geographical analysis of a retrovirus during the early stages of endogenous adaptation and exogenous spread in a new host.Molecular ecology · 2021Article
- Infectious KoRV-related retroviruses circulating in Australian bats.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Tracking the Fate of Endogenous Retrovirus Segregation in Wild and Domestic Cats.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Changes in Endogenous and Exogenous Koala Retrovirus Subtype Expression over Time Reflect Koala Health Outcomes.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Evolution of Immune Systems From Viruses and Transposable Elements.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- Degradation and remobilization of endogenous retroviruses by recombination during the earliest stages of a germ-line invasion.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Phylogenetic Diversity of Koala Retrovirus within a Wild Koala Population.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Endogenous Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus Identified in a Rodent (Melomys burtoni subsp.) from Wallacea (Indonesia).Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Episodic Diversifying Selection Shaped the Genomes of Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus and Related Gammaretroviruses.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Ancestral Mutations Acquired in Refrex-1, a Restriction Factor against Feline Retroviruses, during its Cooption and Domestication.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Altered Immune Cytokine Expression Associated with KoRV B Infection and Season in Captive Koalas.PloS one · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are the remnants of ancient retroviral infections of germ cells and have been maintained in whole or part as heritable genomic elements. The last known endogenization events occurred several million years ago, and therefore stepwise analysis of retroviral endogenization has not been possible. A unique opportunity to study this process became available when a full-length ERV isolated from koalas (KoRV) was shown to have integrated into their germ line within the past 100 years. Even though KoRV shares 78% nucleotide identity with the exogenous and highly infectious gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), the infectivity of KoRV, like that of other ERVs, is substantially lower than that of GALV. Differences in the protein coding regions of KoRV that distinguish it from GALV were introduced into the GALV genome, and their functional consequences were assessed. We identified a KoRV gagpol L domain mutation as well as five residues present in the KoRV envelope (env) that, when substituted for the corresponding residues of GALV, resulted in vectors exhibiting substantially reduced titers similar to those observed with KoRV vectors. In addition, KoRV env protein lacks an intact CETTG motif that we have identified as invariant among highly infectious gammaretroviruses. Disruption of this motif in GALV results in vectors with reduced syncytia forming capabilities. Functional assessment of specific sequences that contribute to KoRV's attenuation from a highly infectious GALV-like progenitor virus has allowed the identification of specific modifications in the KoRV genome that correlate with its endogenization.
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