ReviewClinical & experimental metastasis2008
Extravasation and homing mechanisms in multiple myeloma.
Review in Clinical & experimental metastasis, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of BCMA-directed CAR T-cell therapy in extramedullary relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Dual target combination therapy demonstrates promise in extramedullary myeloma.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Extramedullary metastasis of the hilar bile duct in multiple myeloma: a case report and literature review.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Therapeutic options for extramedullary involvement in multiple myeloma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Multiple Myeloma Presenting as Breast Metastasis: Diagnostic Challenges and Case Analysis.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
- Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma: Challenges and Opportunities.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Liquid Biopsies as Non-Invasive Tools for Mutation Profiling in Multiple Myeloma: Application Potential, Challenges, and Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Loss of Heterozygosity in the Circulating Tumor DNA and CD138+ Bone Marrow Cells in Multiple Myeloma.Genes · 2023Article
- Survival trends and prognostic factors of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma accompanied with extramedullary disease.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Efficacy and follow-up of humanized anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients with extramedullary-extraosseous, extramedullary-bone related, and without extramedullary disease.Hematological oncology · 2022Article
- Molecular Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment on Multiple Myeloma Dissemination and Extramedullary Disease.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Clinical and Biological Characteristics of Medullary and Extramedullary Plasma Cell Dyscrasias.Biology · 2021Article
- Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhance allogeneic bone marrow engraftment via collagen IV degradation.Stem cell research & therapy · 2021Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Analysis of Multiple Myeloma with Extramedullary Disease: A SEER-Based Study.Journal of oncology · 2021Article
- Efficacy of Humanized Anti-BCMA CAR T Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients With and Without Extramedullary Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Anti-BCMA CAR-T Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients With Extramedullary Disease: A Single Center Analysis of Two Clinical Trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Intratumor Heterogeneity of MIF Expression Correlates With Extramedullary Involvement of Multiple Myeloma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Tumour Dissemination in Multiple Myeloma Disease Progression and Relapse: A Potential Therapeutic Target in High-Risk Myeloma.Cancers · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant B-cell disorder characterized by a monoclonal expansion of plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM). During the main course of disease evolution, MM cells depend on the BM microenvironment for their growth and survival. Reciprocal interactions between MM cells and the BM mediate not only MM cell growth, but also protect them against apoptosis and cause bone disease and angiogenesis. A striking feature of MM represents the predominant localization and retention of MM cells in the BM. Although BM PC indeed represent the main neoplastic cell type, small numbers of MM cells can also be detected in the peripheral blood circulation. It can be assumed that these circulating cells represent the tumour-spreading component of the disease. This implicates that MM cells have the capacity to (re)circulate, to extravasate and to migrate to the BM (homing). In analogy to the migration and homing of normal leucocytes, the BM homing of MM cells is mediated by a multistep process of extravasation with adhesion to the endothelium, invasion of the subendothelial basement membrane, followed by further migration within the stroma, mediated by chemotactic factors. At the end stage of disease, MM cells are thought to develop autocrine growth supporting loops that enable them to survive and proliferate in the absence of the BM microenvironment and to become stroma-independent. In this stage, the number of circulating cells increases and growth at extramedullary sites can occur, associated with alteration in adhesion molecule and chemokine receptor expression. This review summarizes the recent progress in the study of the extravasation and homing mechanisms of MM cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.