ReviewReproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)2008
What is an epigenetic transgenerational phenotype? F3 or F2.
Review in Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 208 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
208 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 466 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transgenerational and intergenerational effects of early childhood famine exposure in the cohort of offspring of Leningrad Siege survivors.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of perinatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the reproductive system of F3 generation male rodents: a meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Pooled it
- Transgenerational epigenetic effects from male exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds: a systematic review on research in mammals.Clinical epigenetics · 2020Pooled it
- 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Mediates Mo-Induced Sperm-Mediated Transgenerational Inheritance of Impaired Spermatogenesis.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Transmission of an environmental modification in quails across three generations: changes in the contribution to phenotypic variability.Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Effects of in ovo stimulation with potential epigenetic modulators on immune system phenotype across three generations in a chicken model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prenatal maternal stress in rats alters the epigenetic and transcriptomic landscape of the maternal-fetal interface across four generations.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Transgenerational inheritance of hepatic steatosis in mice: sperm methylome is largely reprogrammed and inherited but does not globally influence liver transcriptome.Environmental epigenetics · 2025Article
- Sex-dependent biobehavioural responses to transgenerational maternal stress: evidence of stress resilience and vulnerability in the F3 generation.Environmental epigenetics · 2025Article
- Perinatal Psychoneuroimmunology of Prenatal Stress and Its Effects on Fetal and Postnatal Brain Development.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Paternally multi-generational high-fat diet causes obesity and metabolic disorder through intergenerational DNA methylation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- History of exposure to copper influences transgenerational gene expression responses inEpigenetics · 2024Article
- Observational methods for human studies of transgenerational effects.Epigenetics · 2024Article
- Maternal stress effects across generations in a precocial bird.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Mechanisms of Epigenetic Inheritance in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- To live or let die? Epigenetic adaptations to climate change-a review.Environmental epigenetics · 2024Review
148 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The ability of an environmental exposure to induce an epigenetic transgenerational adult onset disease phenotype is discussed in the current mini-review in the context of defining this phenomenon and the associated reproductive toxicology. A gestating female (F0 generation) exposure to an environmental compound results in the F1 generation embryo and F2 generation germ-line being directly exposed, such that the F3 generation is the first not directly exposed to the environmental compound. In contrast, postnatal or adult exposure (F0 generation) results in the F1 generation germ-line being exposed, such that F2 generation is the first to not be directly exposed to the environmental compound. The unequivocal transgenerational transmission of an adult onset disease phenotype through the germ-line requires assessment of the F3 generation for embryonic exposure, and F2 generation for postnatal exposure. This is in contrast to a number of F1 and F2 generation studies referred to as transgenerational. The reproductive toxicology associated with this transgenerational phenotype generally involves the reprogramming of the germ-line epigenome. The biological phenomenon involved in this reproductive toxicology deals with embryonic gonadal development and germ-line differentiation, or postnatally the gametogenesis process and germ cell development. The ability of an environmental compound (e.g. endocrine disruptor) to promote this reprogramming of the germ-line appears to be the causal factor in the epigenetic transgenerational phenotype.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.