ArticleDiabetologia2007
The effect of birth order and parental age on the risk of type 1 and 2 diabetes among young adults.
Article in Diabetologia, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal overnutrition impairs offspring's insulin sensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Fetal programming of early-onset type 2 diabetes: a Swedish nationwide cohort and sibling analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Birth order, daycare attendance, and childhood socioeconomic status in relation to gingivitis: a cross-sectional study in Turkish young adults.BMC oral health · 2024Observational
- An analysis of risk factors for spontaneously occurring type 2 diabetes mellitus in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).Journal of medical primatology · 2024Article
- Birth Order, Caesarean Section, or Daycare Attendance in Relation to Child- and Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Results from the German National Cohort.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Advanced maternal age causes adverse programming of mouse blastocysts leading to altered growth and impaired cardiometabolic health in post-natal life.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2016Article
- Increasing maternal age is associated with taller stature and reduced abdominal fat in their children.PloS one · 2013Article
- Maternal age at birth and childhood type 1 diabetes: a pooled analysis of 30 observational studies.Diabetes · 2010Article
- Association between maternal diabetes in utero and age at offspring's diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.Diabetes care · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of birth order and parental age on the risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among Finnish individuals aged 15-39 years.
methodsData on all cases of type 1 diabetes (n = 1,345) and type 2 diabetes (n = 1,072), diagnosed between 1992 and 1996, were collected from four sources: standardised national reports from diabetes nurses, the National Hospital Discharge Register, the Drug Prescription Register and the Drug Reimbursement Register. Information on matched controls and the family members of all study subjects were obtained from the National Population Registry. The odds ratios (ORs) for both types of diabetes were estimated using a conditional logistic regression model.
resultsThere was a U-shaped relationship between maternal age and the risk of type 2 diabetes in the offspring: the risk was higher in children born to young and old mothers compared with children born to mothers aged around 30 years. The children born second (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.94), third (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.95), or fourth (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47-0.94) had a lower risk of type 2 diabetes than the first-born children. Maternal age, paternal age, and birth order did not have an effect on the risk of type 1 diabetes in the individuals aged 15-39 years at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationMaternal age and birth order are both associated with the risk of early-onset type 2 diabetes. However, part of these associations may be due to low birthweight. In this study neither parental age nor birth order showed a significant association with the risk of type 1 diabetes diagnosed after 15 years of age.
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