ArticleArchives of disease in childhood2008
Rise in childhood obesity with persistently high rates of undernutrition among urban school-aged Indo-Asian children.
Article in Archives of disease in childhood, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Nutritional Status and Dietary Intake of School-Age Children and Early Adolescents: Systematic Review in a Developing Country and Lessons for the Global Perspective.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Underweight problems in Asian children and adolescents.European journal of pediatrics · 2012Pooled it
- Assessment of health and nutrition status among children aged 5-9 years in Pakistan: a cross-sectional survey (2020).The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- School eHealth Education Program Pakistan (eSHEPP) to improve NCDs awareness in adolescents from urban Pakistan: a mixed method design protocol.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Smoothed Growth Trajectories for Weight, Length/Height, and BMI Percentiles of Children Aged 3 to 60 Months in Punjab, Pakistan.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in anthropometric status among primary school children: A potential association with school meals.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring the Multifaceted Influences on Childhood Nutritional Status: A Study Conducted in South Punjab, Pakistan.Cureus · 2024Article
- Obesity and risk of hypertension in preadolescent urban school children: insights from Pakistan.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Obesity and Risk of Hypertension in Preadolescent Urban School Children: Insights from a Developing Country.Research square · 2024Article
- Comparison of Physical Activity Measured by Self-Reported Physical Activity and Wearable Device Xiaomi MI2 Band in Preadolescent School Children - A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of exercise science · 2024Article
- School Health Education Program in Pakistan (SHEPP): findings from a feasibility trial in pre-adolescent school children from a lower middle-income country.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2023Article
- Dietary habits and physical activity patterns in relation to nutritional status among school-aged children in Pakistan: A cross-sectional study.AIMS public health · 2023Article
- Establishing Height-for-Age Z-Score Growth Reference Curves and Stunting Prevalence in Children and Adolescents in Pakistan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- A comparison of international and national references to measure the prevalence of stunting in Pakistani school-age girls.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The Yin-Yang Concept of Pediatric Obesity and Gut Microbiota.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Association between Ultraprocessed Food Intake and Overweight, Obesity, and Malnutrition among Children in Tehran, Iran.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Article
- Developing neck circumference growth reference charts for Pakistani children and adolescents using the lambda-mu-sigma and quantile regression method.Public health nutrition · 2021Article
- BMI status relative to international and national growth references among Pakistani school-age girls.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Concurrence of stunting and overweight/obesity among children: Evidence from Ethiopia.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildhood obesity is an emerging global public health challenge. Evidence for the transition in nutrition in Indo-Asian developing countries is lacking. We conducted these analyses to determine the trends in nutritional status of school-aged children in urban Pakistan.
methodsData on the nutritional status of children aged 5 to 14 years from two independent population-based representative surveys, the urban component of the National Health Survey of Pakistan (NHSP; 1990-1994) and the Karachi survey (2004-2005), were analysed. Using normative data from children in the United States as the reference, trends for age- and gender-standardised prevalence (95% CI) of underweight (more than 2 SD below the weight-for-age reference), stunted (more than 2 SD below the height-for-age reference) and overweight and obese (body mass index (BMI) 85(th) percentile or greater) children were compared for the two surveys. The association between physical activity and being overweight or obese was analysed in the Karachi survey using logistical regression analysis.
results2074 children were included in the urban NHSP and 1675 in the Karachi survey. The prevalence of underweight children was 29.7% versus 27.3% (p = 0.12), stunting was 16.7% versus 14.3% (p = 0.05), and prevalence of overweight and obese children was 3.0 versus 5.7 (p<0.001) in the NHSP and Karachi surveys, respectively. Physical activity was inversely correlated with being overweight or obese (odds ratio, 95% CI, 0.51, 0.32-0.80 for those who engaged in more than 30 minutes of physical activity versus those engaged in less than 30 minutes' activity).
conclusionsOur study highlights the challenge faced by Pakistani school-aged children. There has been a rapid rise in the number of overweight and obese children despite a persistently high burden of undernutrition. Focus on prevention of obesity in children must include strategies for promoting physical activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.