ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2007
Axonal transport mediates West Nile virus entry into the central nervous system and induces acute flaccid paralysis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 214 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Acute Flaccid Paralysis Followed by Guillain-Barré Syndrome in West Nile Virus Infection: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Article
- West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease: Current Management, Emerging Therapies and Future Clinical Trial Priorities.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Opportunities and Challenges of mRNA and VLP Technologies for Pan-Flavivirus Vaccine Development: Focus on Conserved Quaternary Epitope Conformations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Pathogenic breaches: how viruses compromise blood-tissue barriers.Tissue barriers · 2026Review
- Nerve tissue model on a micropatterned surface: Axon guidance and neural regeneration.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2025Article
- Sequelae of viral CNS infections including outcomes, mechanisms, and knowledge gaps.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Unraveling the complexities of neurotropic virus infection and immune evasion.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Modeling Virus-Associated Central Nervous System Disease in Non-Human Primates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- Knowns and unknowns of TiLV-associated neuronal disease.Virulence · 2024Review
- Differential susceptibility of human motor neurons to infection with Usutu and West Nile virus.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Acute Flaccid Myelitis Caused by West Nile Virus: A Case Report and Neuroimaging Correlate.Cureus · 2024Article
- Lessons Learned from West Nile Virus Infection:Vaccinations in Equines and Their Implications for One Health Approaches.Viruses · 2024Review
- Unraveling the complex interplay: immunopathology and immune evasion strategies of alphaviruses with emphasis on neurological implications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Stealth invaders: unraveling the mystery of neurotropic viruses and their elusive presence in cerebrospinal fluid - a comprehensive review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Induced by Japanese Encephalitis Virus in C57BL/6 Mouse.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Advances in viral encephalitis: Viral transmission, host immunity, and experimental animal models.Zoological research · 2023Review
- Review
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) has emerged as a significant cause of epidemic viral encephalitis and flaccid limb paralysis, yet the mechanism by which it enters the CNS remains uncertain. We used compartmentalized neuron cultures to demonstrate that WNV spreads in both retrograde and anterograde directions via axonal transport. Transneuronal spread of WNV required axonal release of viral particles and was blocked by addition of a therapeutic neutralizing antibody. To test the physiologic significance of axonal transport in vivo, we directly inoculated the sciatic nerve of hamsters with WNV. Intrasciatic infection resulted in paralysis of the hind limb ipsilateral but not contralateral to the injection site. Limb paralysis was blocked either by surgical transection of the sciatic nerve or treatment with the therapeutic neutralizing antibody. Collectively, these studies establish that WNV undergoes bidirectional spread in neurons and that axonal transport promotes viral entry into the CNS and acute limb paralysis. Moreover, antibody therapeutics directly inhibit transneuronal spread of WNV infection and prevent the development of paralysis in vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.