SynthesisThe international journal of biochemistry & cell biology2008
The bleomycin animal model: a useful tool to investigate treatment options for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Synthesis in The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 526 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
526 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 978 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use quercetin for pulmonary fibrosis: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Protective effects and mechanism of resveratrol in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness and mechanism of metformin in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis: A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of an inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (TM5614) in mild to moderate COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- MMP12 induces fibrogenic macrophage differentiation to drive granuloma-associated cardiac fibrosis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Sinigrin Mitigates Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis Partly through Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Signaling.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- The telomeric DNA damage response as a therapeutic target in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond Acute Infection: A Conceptual Framework Linking Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens to Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Carcinogenesis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Targeting early pulmonary fibrosis with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes: a comparative study of inhalation versus injection delivery in bleomycin-induced rat lung injury.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Cell-Specific Modulation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor by Kynurenine in Pulmonary Fibrosis Requires Microenvironmental Crosstalk.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of neutrophil extracellular traps-associated inflammatory genes for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Article
- Current perspectives on natural and pharmacological interventions for combating drug-induced pulmonary toxicity.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Combatting pulmonary fibrosis withChinese herbal medicines · 2026Review
- Integrated Analysis of the Lung Microbiome and Metabolome Reveals Associations Between Amino Acid Metabolism and Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Bleomycin-Induced Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Inhibition of runt related transcription factor 1 with Ro24-7429 improves lung function in experimental models of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- DOT1L Drives Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrotic Vascular Remodeling via H3K79 Methylation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Enhancing anti-fibrotic therapy: nanomedicine approaches to overcome current limitations.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Interstitial lung disease and the STING pathway.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- TGFb signaling instructs a conserved fibrosis-associated cell state marked by LRRC15.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
466 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Different animal models of pulmonary fibrosis have been developed to investigate potential therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The most common is the bleomycin model in rodents (mouse, rat and hamster). Over the years, numerous agents have been shown to inhibit fibrosis in this model. However, to date none of these compounds are used in the clinical management of IPF and none has shown a comparable antifibrotic effect in humans. We performed a systematic review of publications on drug efficacy studies in the bleomycin model to evaluate the value of this model regarding transferability to clinical use. Between 1980 and 2006 we identified 240 experimental studies describing beneficial antifibrotic compounds in the bleomycin model. 222 of those used a preventive regimen (drug given < or =7 days after last bleomycin application), only 13 were therapeutic trials (>7 days after last bleomycin application). In 5 studies we did not find enough details about the timing of drug application to allow inter-study comparison. It is critical to distinguish between drugs interfering with the inflammatory and early fibrogenic response from those preventing progression of fibrosis, the latter likely much more meaningful for clinical application. All potential antifibrotic compounds should be evaluated in the phase of established fibrosis rather than in the early period of bleomycin-induced inflammation for assessment of its antifibrotic properties. Further care should be taken in extrapolation of drugs successfully tested in the bleomycin model due to partial reversibility of bleomycin-induced fibrosis over time. The use of alternative and more robust animal models, which better reflect human IPF, is warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.