ReviewExpert review of vaccines2007
Cholera toxin, LT-I, LT-IIa and LT-IIb: the critical role of ganglioside binding in immunomodulation by type I and type II heat-labile enterotoxins.
Review in Expert review of vaccines, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circular Permutation of theACS omega · 2026Article
- Swine Group A rotavirus vaccines: current status, adjuvant strategies, challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- An Asset for Food Safety: The Knowledge Behind the Physiological Alterations Induced by ETEC Enterotoxins.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Genomic profiling of enterotoxigenicMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Bioinformatics analysis of the in silico engineered protein vaccine with and without Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin adjuvant on the model of Klebsiella pneumoniae.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- RecombinantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Protein-Based Adjuvants for Vaccines as Immunomodulators of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Future Opportunities.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Sialoglycan-binding patterns of bacterial ABThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Article
- Oligosaccharide Presentation Modulates the Molecular Recognition of Glycolipids by Galectins on Membrane Surfaces.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Immunoinformatics Approach Toward the Introduction of a Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccine AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Heat-Labile Toxin from EnterotoxigenicToxins · 2021Article
- The COVID-19 Vaccine Race: Challenges and Opportunities in Vaccine Formulation.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2020Review
- LT-K63 Enhances B Cell Activation and Survival Factors in Neonatal Mice That Translates Into Long-Lived Humoral Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Review of Newly Identified Functions Associated With the Heat-Labile Toxin of EnterotoxigenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- LT-IIc, A Bacterial Type II Heat-Labile Enterotoxin, Induces Specific Lethality in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Modulation of Autophagy and Induction of Apoptosis and Necroptosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Review
- Th2-biased immune response and agglutinating antibodies generation by a chimeric protein comprising OmpC epitope (323-336) of Aeromonas hydrophila and LTB.Immunologic research · 2018Article
- Porous Nanoparticles With Self-Adjuvanting M2e-Fusion Protein and Recombinant Hemagglutinin Provide Strong and Broadly Protective Immunity Against Influenza Virus Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Novel Therapeutic Approach for Inhibition of HIV-1 Using Cell-Penetrating Peptide and Bacterial Toxins.Journal of AIDS & clinical research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The heat-labile enterotoxins expressed by Vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin) and Escherichia coli (LT-I, LT-IIa and LT-IIb) are potent systemic and mucosal adjuvants. Coadministration of the enterotoxins with a foreign antigen produces an augmented immune response to that antigen. Although each enterotoxin has potent adjuvant properties, the means by which the enterotoxins induce various immune responses are distinctive for each adjuvant. Various mutants have been engineered to dissect the functions of the enterotoxins required for their adjuvanticity. The capacity to strongly bind to one or more specific ganglioside receptors appears to drive the distinctive immunomodulatory properties associated with each enterotoxin. Mutant enterotoxins with ablated or altered ganglioside-binding affinities have been employed to investigate the role of gangliosides in enterotoxin-dependent immunomodulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.