ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2007
Norovirus infections in symptomatic and asymptomatic food handlers in Japan.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of enteric virus shedding in human excretions.EBioMedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Global prevalence of asymptomatic norovirus infection in outbreaks: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Foodborne and Food-Handler Norovirus Outbreaks: A Systematic Review.Foodborne pathogens and disease · 2018Pooled it
- A Foodborne Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Norovirus through Non-Seafood Vehicle.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Estimating wastewater concentrations of norovirus and rotavirus from global data on community-level infection prevalence and viral shedding.Journal of water and health · 2026Article
- Wastewater-based epidemiology to enhance public health preparedness and response during large-scale events: experiences from the 2024 Republican and Democratic National Conventions - Milwaukee, WI and Chicago, IL.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Review
- A large-scale norovirus outbreak associated with kimchi consumption across multiple schools in a Korean city in 2024.Epidemiology and health · 2025Article
- Noroviruses: Evolutionary Dynamics, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Advances-A Comprehensive Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Molecular epidemiology analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic norovirus infections in Chinese infants.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Environmental Monitoring for Enteroviruses in Maputo, Mozambique-2018.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- ADAR Editing in Viruses: An Evolutionary Force to Reckon with.Genome biology and evolution · 2021Review
- Assessment of the Impact on Human Health of the Presence of Norovirus in Bivalve Molluscs: What Data Do We Miss?Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Spread of genetically similar noroviruses in Bangkok, Thailand, through symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals.Heliyon · 2021Article
- An acute gastroenteritis outbreak associated with breakfast contaminated with norovirus by asymptotic food handler at a kindergarten in Shenzhen, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Long-term dynamics ofPeerJ · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Review
- The Population-Level Impacts of Excluding Norovirus-Infected Food Workers From the Workplace: A Mathematical Modeling Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Noroviruses are the leading cause of outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the world. At present, norovirus genogroup II, genotype 4 (GII/4), strains are the most prevalent in many countries. In this study we investigated 55 outbreaks and 35 sporadic cases of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis in food handlers in food-catering settings between 10 November 2005 and 9 December 2006 in Japan. Stool specimens were collected from both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals and were examined for norovirus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR; the results were then confirmed by sequence analysis. Norovirus was detected in 449 of 2,376 (19%) specimens. Four genogroup I (GI) genotypes and 12 GII genotypes, including one new GII genotype, were detected. The GII/4 sequences were predominant, accounting for 19 of 55 (35%) outbreaks and 16 of 35 (46%) sporadic cases. Our results also showed that a large number of asymptomatic food handlers were infected with norovirus GII/4 strains. Norovirus GII had a slightly higher mean viral load (1 log unit higher) than norovirus GI, i.e., 3.81 x 10(8) versus 2.79 x 10(7) copies/g of stool. Among norovirus GI strains, GI/4 had the highest mean viral load, whereas among GII strains, GII/4 had the highest mean viral load (2.02 x 10(8) and 7.96 x 10(9) copies/g of stool, respectively). Importantly, we found that asymptomatic individuals had mean viral loads similar to those of symptomatic individuals, which may account for the increased number of infections and the predominance of an asymptomatic transmission route.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.