SynthesisBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2007
Amateur boxing and risk of chronic traumatic brain injury: systematic review of observational studies.
Synthesis in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment, management and knowledge of sport-related concussion: systematic review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2014Pooled it
- Low glomerular filtration rate and risk of stroke: meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2010Pooled it
- Efficacy and adverse effects of transdermal fentanyl and sustained-release oral morphine in treating moderate-severe cancer pain in Chinese population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2010Pooled it
- How Risky Is Mixed Martial Arts? Injury Rates and Patterns in Competitive Versus Recreational Athletes.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The spectrum of acute and chronic consequences of neurotrauma in professional and amateur boxing - A call to action is advocated to better understand and prevent this phenomenon.Brain & spine · 2024Review
- Deep Grey Matter Volume is Reduced in Amateur Boxers as Compared to Healthy Age-matched Controls.Clinical neuroradiology · 2023Article
- Incidence Rates and Pathology Types of Boxing-Specific Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Epidemiology Studies in the 21st Century.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2023Review
- Serum BDNF and Selenium Levels in Elite Athletes Exposed to Blows.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Review
- Hand and Wrist Injuries in Elite Boxing: A Longitudinal Prospective Study (2005-2012) of the Great Britain Olympic Boxing Squad.Hand (New York, N.Y.) · 2017Article
- Semi-Professional Rugby League Players have Higher Concussion Risk than Professional or Amateur Participants: A Pooled Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2017Review
- Advanced magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological assessment for detecting brain injury in a prospective cohort of university amateur boxers.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2017Article
- Reduced white matter integrity in amateur boxers.Neuroradiology · 2016Article
- The Pathophysiology of Concussion.Current pain and headache reports · 2016Review
- Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and Movement Disorders: Update.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2016Review
- Precursors of post-bout motion sickness in adolescent female boxers.Experimental brain research · 2014Article
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2014Article
- Modern chronic traumatic encephalopathy in retired athletes: what is the evidence?Neuropsychology review · 2013Review
- Chronic neuropathologies of single and repetitive TBI: substrates of dementia?Nature reviews. Neurology · 2013Review
- What boxing tells us about repetitive head trauma and the brain.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the risk of chronic traumatic brain injury from amateur boxing.
settingSecondary research performed by combination of sport physicians and clinical academics. DESIGN, DATA SOURCES, AND
methodsSystematic review of observational studies in which chronic traumatic brain injury was defined as any abnormality on clinical neurological examination, psychometric testing, neuroimaging studies, and electroencephalography. Studies were identified through database (1950 to date) and bibliographic searches without language restrictions. Two reviewers extracted study characteristics, quality, and data, with adherence to a protocol developed from a widely recommended method for systematic review of observational studies (MOOSE).
results36 papers had relevant extractable data (from a detailed evaluation of 93 studies of 943 identified from the initial search). Quality of evidence was generally poor. The best quality studies were those with a cohort design and those that used psychometric tests. These yielded the most negative results: only four of 17 (24%) better quality studies found any indication of chronic traumatic brain injury in a minority of boxers studied.
conclusionThere is no strong evidence to associate chronic traumatic brain injury with amateur boxing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.