ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2007
Beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in visceral smooth muscle.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disruption of gastrointestinal PDGFRαAmerican journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2026Article
- Quinolinic acid as trigger/biomarker of dysosmia/dysgeusia in patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective case-control study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Integrated responses of the SIP syncytium generate a major motility pattern in the colon.The Journal of physiology · 2024Article
- Review
- Insights on Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α-Positive Interstitial Cells in the Male Reproductive Tract.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- María Teresa Miras Portugal: a pioneer for vesicular nucleotide storage.Purinergic signalling · 2024Review
- Stimulation of platelet P2YBritish journal of pharmacology · 2024Article
- CaPhysiological reviews · 2024Review
- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Aging Biology: Potential Applications and Many Unknowns.Endocrine reviews · 2023Review
- Sirtuin 6 Regulates the Activation of the ATP/Purinergic Axis in Endothelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Regulation of Papillary Muscle Contractility by NAD and Ammonia Interplay: Contribution of Ion Channels and Exchangers.Membranes · 2022Article
- Distribution and Function of Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha-positive Cells and Purinergic Neurotransmission in the Human Colon: Is It Different Between the Right and Left Colon?Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2022Article
- Altered functional responses by PAR1 agonist in murine dextran sodium sulphate-treated colon.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- CaAdvances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Nicotinamide and acute kidney injury.Clinical kidney journal · 2021Article
- Neurotransmitters responsible for purinergic motor neurotransmission and regulation of GI motility.Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical · 2021Article
- Sex-related differences in human plasma NAD+/NADH levels depend on age.Bioscience reports · 2021Article
- The Extracellular NADome Modulates Immune Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Peripheral inhibitory nerves are physiological regulators of the contractile behavior of visceral smooth muscles. One of the transmitters responsible for inhibitory neurotransmission has been reputed to be a purine, possibly ATP. However, the exact identity of this substance has never been verified. Here we show that beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (beta-NAD), an inhibitory neurotransmitter candidate, is released by stimulation of enteric nerves in gastrointestinal muscles, and the pharmacological profile of beta-NAD mimics the endogenous neurotransmitter better than ATP. Levels of beta-NAD in superfusates of muscles after nerve stimulation exceed ATP by at least 30-fold; unlike ATP, the release of beta-NAD depends on the frequency of nerve stimulation. beta-NAD is released from enteric neurons, and release was blocked by tetrodotoxin or omega-conotoxin GVIA. beta-NAD is an agonist for P2Y1 receptors, as demonstrated by receptor-mediated responses in HEK293 cells expressing P2Y1 receptors. Exogenous beta-NAD mimics the effects of the enteric inhibitory neurotransmitter. Responses to beta-NAD and inhibitory junction potentials are blocked by the P2Y1-selective antagonist, MRS2179, and the nonselective P2 receptor antagonists, pyridoxal phosphate 6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid and suramin. Responses to ATP are not blocked by these P2Y receptor inhibitors. The expression of CD38 in gastrointestinal muscles, and specifically in interstitial cells of Cajal, provides a means of transmitter disposal after stimulation. beta-NAD meets the traditional criteria for a neurotransmitter that contributes to enteric inhibitory regulation of visceral smooth muscles.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.