ArticleMicrobial cell factories2007
Production of L-carnitine by secondary metabolism of bacteria.
Article in Microbial cell factories, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Comparison of Static and Shake-Flask Cultures for Filamentous Fungal Biomass and L-Carnitine Production in Rum Stillage.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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- A novel temperate phage fromMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Metabolome restructuring reveals distinct virocell infection strategies in bacteriophage-host interaction.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Intestinal microbiota contributes to the heterogeneity of fat deposition by promoting mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Interaction of plant-derived metabolites and rhizobiome functions enhances drought stress tolerance.Genome biology · 2025Article
- TrimethylamineCirculation. Heart failure · 2024Observational
- Basics on network theory to analyze biological systems: a hands-on outlook.Functional & integrative genomics · 2022Article
- Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia Is Associated with Unique Microbiome Metabolomic Signatures in Response to Ciprofloxacin Treatment.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia alters the cecal metabolome and exacerbates antibiotic-induced dysbiosis.Cell reports · 2021Article
- L-Carnitine Production Through Biosensor-Guided Construction of theFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Article
- A Wake-Up Call for the Efficient Use of the Bacterial Resting Cell Process, with Focus on Low Solubility Products.Current microbiology · 2020Review
- Benefits and Drawbacks of Harboring Plasmid pP32BP2, Identified in Arctic Psychrophilic BacteriumInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- The Impact of Carnitine on Dietary Fiber and Gut Bacteria Metabolism and Their Mutual Interaction in Monogastrics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Three steps in one pot: biosynthesis of 4-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols using immobilized whole cells of two genetically engineered Escherichia coli strains.Microbial cell factories · 2017Article
- Article
- Metabolic engineering for high yielding L(-)-carnitine production in Escherichia coli.Microbial cell factories · 2013Article
- Article
- Systems biology and biological systems diversity for the engineering of microbial cell factories.Microbial cell factories · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The increasing commercial demand for L-carnitine has led to a multiplication of efforts to improve its production with bacteria. The use of different cell environments, such as growing, resting, permeabilized, dried, osmotically stressed, freely suspended and immobilized cells, to maintain enzymes sufficiently active for L-carnitine production is discussed in the text. The different cell states of enterobacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Proteus sp., which can be used to produce L-carnitine from crotonobetaine or D-carnitine as substrate, are analyzed. Moreover, the combined application of both bioprocess and metabolic engineering has allowed a deeper understanding of the main factors controlling the production process, such as energy depletion and the alteration of the acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio which are coupled to the end of the biotransformation. Furthermore, the profiles of key central metabolic activities such as the TCA cycle, the glyoxylate shunt and the acetate metabolism are seen to be closely interrelated and affect the biotransformation efficiency. Although genetically modified strains have been obtained, new strain improvement strategies are still needed, especially in Escherichia coli as a model organism for molecular biology studies. This review aims to summarize and update the state of the art in L-carnitine production using E. coli and Proteus sp, emphasizing the importance of proper reactor design and operation strategies, together with metabolic engineering aspects and the need for feed-back between wet and in silico work to optimize this biotransformation.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.