ReviewJournal of thrombosis and thrombolysis2008
Pharmacogenetics of warfarin: regulatory, scientific, and clinical issues.
Review in Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 252 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guidelines for CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes and warfarin dosing.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2011Guideline
- Application of Loading Dose Warfarin in Postpartum Women with Pulmonary Embolism - a Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Oral anticoagulation and VKORC1 polymorphism in patients with a mechanical heart prosthesis: a 6-year follow-up.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2012Trial
- The Effect of Dicloxacillin Administration on Pharmacokinetics of Narrow Therapeutic Window Drugs: Phenytoin and Warfarin.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Comparative performance of pharmacogenetics-based warfarin dosing algorithms in Chinese population: use of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to explore dosing regimen through clinical trial simulation.Pharmacogenetics and genomics · 2024Article
- Correlation between Metabolic Parameters and Warfarin Dose in Patients with Heart Valve Replacement of Different Genotypes.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Perioperative Management of Traditional and Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Hip Fracture Patients.Orthopedic reviews · 2024Article
- Article
- Control-Relevant Adaptive Personalized Modeling From Limited Clinical Data for Precise Warfarin Management.IEEE open journal of engineering in medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Influence of Renal Impairment and Genetic Subtypes on Warfarin Control in Japanese Patients.Genes · 2021Article
- Pharmacogenomics in Cardiovascular Diseases.Current protocols · 2021Article
- Identification and Enzymatic Activity Evaluation of a NovelFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Influence ofInternational journal of medical sciences · 2021Observational
- Influence ofJournal of personalized medicine · 2020Article
- Therapeutic strategies for thrombosis: new targets and approaches.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2020Review
- A Simple Formula for Predicting the Maintenance Dose of Warfarin with Reference to the Initial Response to Low Dosing at an Outpatient Clinic.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2020Article
- Genetic polymorphisms and dosing of vitamin K antagonist in Indian patients after heart valve surgery.Indian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2019Article
- Effects of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms on warfarin sensitivity and responsiveness during the stabilization phase of therapy.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2019Article
- Impact of a variable number tandem repeat in the CYP2C9 promoter on warfarin sensitivity and responsiveness in Jordanians with cardiovascular disease.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2019Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Using pharmacogenetics-based therapy, clinicians can estimate the therapeutic warfarin dose by genotyping patients for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect warfarin metabolism or sensitivity. SNPs in the cytochrome P450 complex (CYP2C9) affect warfarin metabolism: patients who have the CYP2C9*2 and/or CYP2C9*3 variants metabolize warfarin slowly and are more likely to have an elevated International Normalized Ratio INR or to hemorrhage during warfarin initiation than patients without these variants. SNPs in vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1) correlate with warfarin sensitivity. Patients who are homozygous for a common VKORC1 promoter polymorphism, -1639 G>A (also designated as VKOR 3673, haplotype A, or haplotype*2), are warfarin sensitive and typically require lower warfarin doses. By providing an estimate of the therapeutic warfarin dose, pharmacogenetics-based therapy may improve the safety of anticoagulant therapy. To improve drug safety, the FDA updates labels of previously approved drugs as new clinical and genetic evidence accrues. The labels of medical products serve to inform prescribers and patients about potential ways to improve the benefit/risk ratio and/or optimize doses of medical products. On August 16, 2007, the FDA updated the label of warfarin to include information on pharmacogenetic testing and to encourage, but not require, the use of this information in dosing individual patients initiating warfarin therapy. The FDA completed the label update in August 2007.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.