ReviewGenome biology2007
The protamine family of sperm nuclear proteins.
Review in Genome biology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 296 papers.
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Who cites it
296 citing papers in PubMed, 760 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- A novel non-antibody fluorescent dual-staining technique for sperm detection in forensic samples.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Rapid protamine evolution suppresses meiotic drive inScience advances · 2026Article
- Paternal SIRT1 Inhibition During Capacitation Imprints Histone 4 Hyperacetylation in Mouse Zygotes and Blastocysts.Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene · 2026Article
- Molecular architecture and spatial organization of proteasomes in the human sperm nucleus.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Biallelic FSIP2 variants are associated with sperm defective chromatin condensation beyond MMAF and acrosomal abnormalities.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Article
- Sticker Valence Governs Chain Collapse and Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Peptide-Inspired Associative Polymers.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Transport of cytotoxic cyanine dyes coupled to siRNA into hematopoietic cancer cells with CD20-, CD22- or CD33-targeting ELART nanocarriers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Higher-order genome architecture of spermatids guides chromatin assembly in mature sperm.Research square · 2026Article
- On the state of chromatin in mammalian sperm.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The basic domain of Suv39h2 buffers mitoxantrone-induced heterochromatin destabilization.iScience · 2026Article
- The jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis utilizes two single-copy, protamine-like sperm nuclear basic proteins.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Dynamic Intracellular Trafficking of the Low Molecular Weight Protamine in Breast Cancer Cells.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Fertilization with Protamine-2 deficient sperm triggers abnormal pronucleus development and zygotic cleavage†.Biology of reproduction · 2026Article
- From chromosomal protein disorder to chromatin phase separation.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Review
- Protamine labeling with Reactive Black-5 and its molecularly designed derivatives visualize vacuoles in human sperm head.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- The role of nGPx4 in resisting DEHP-induced DNA damage and reducing caspase-independent cell death in male germ cells.Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine · 2026Article
- Epimutations: raw material for evolution?The EMBO journal · 2026Review
- Spermatogenesis Beyond DNA: Integrated RNA Control of the Epitranscriptome and Three-Dimensional Genome Architecture.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
236 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The protamines are a diverse family of small arginine-rich proteins that are synthesized in the late-stage spermatids of many animals and plants and bind to DNA, condensing the spermatid genome into a genetically inactive state. Vertebrates have from one to 15 protamine genes per haploid genome, which are clustered together on the same chromosome. Comparison of protamine gene and amino-acid sequences suggests that the family evolved from specialized histones through protamine-like proteins to the true protamines. Structural elements present in all true protamines are a series of arginine-rich DNA-anchoring domains (often containing a mixture of arginine and lysine residues in non-mammalian protamines) and multiple phosphorylation sites. The two protamines found in mammals, P1 and P2, are the most widely studied. P1 packages sperm DNA in all mammals, whereas protamine P2 is present only in the sperm of primates, many rodents and a subset of other placental mammals. P2, but not P1, is synthesized as a precursor that undergoes proteolytic processing after binding to DNA and also binds a zinc atom, the function of which is not known. P1 and P2 are phosphorylated soon after their synthesis, but after binding to DNA most of the phosphate groups are removed and cysteine residues are oxidized, forming disulfide bridges that link the protamines together. Both P1 and P2 have been shown to be required for normal sperm function in primates and many rodents.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.