ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2008
Neuropeptides as signal molecules in common with leukocytes and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Neuroimmunome of Hepatitis Patients Associates With Disease Severity.Journal of medical virology · 2025Pooled it
- Physical exercise increases binding of POMC to blood extracellular vesicles.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Investigating intestinal mast cell dynamics during acute heat stress in growing pigs.Journal of animal science · 2024Article
- The Role of Endothelial Cells in the Onset, Development and Modulation of Vein Graft Disease.Cells · 2022Review
- Extra-adrenal glucocorticoid biosynthesis: implications for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.Genes and immunity · 2020Review
- Inflammatory-linked changes in CpG island methylation of three opioid peptide genes in a rat model for pain.PloS one · 2018Article
- Effects of β-endorphin on the production of reactive oxygen species, IL-1β, Tnf-Α, and IL-10 by murine peritoneal macrophages in vivo.Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections · 2016Article
- Urokinase plasminogen activator system in synovial fibroblasts from osteoarthritis patients: modulation by inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2014Article
- Effect of rotation and immobilization stress on IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ production by splenocytes under opiate receptor blockade in vivo.Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections · 2014Article
- Surgical inflammatory stress: the embryo takes hold of the reins again.Theoretical biology & medical modelling · 2013Review
- Does stress-induced release of interleukin-1 cause liver injury?Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2012Article
- A review of metabolic staging in severely injured patients.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2010Review
- Surgical inflammation: a pathophysiological rainbow.Journal of translational medicine · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There exists a bidirectional regulatory circuit between the nervous and immune systems. This regulation has been shown to be mediated in part through neuroendocrine hormones and cytokines. Both systems have receptors for both types of signal molecules. The nervous system has receptors for cytokines and it also synthesizes cytokines. The immune system synthesizes and responds to cytokines. So, it is not too far-fetched to believe that neuroendocrine peptide hormones could bind to leukocytes and modulate immune functions. However, it is not widely known that the immune system also synthesizes functional, neuropeptide hormones. This will be discussed in this paper citing a plethora of evidence. The aim of this paper is to summarize this evidence by using three neuropeptides that are synthesized by leukocytes and modulate immune functions as examples; corticotropin (ACTH), endorphin (END), and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). The production and action of these three neuropeptides in the immune system will be explained. Finally, the potential physiological role of leukocyte-derived ACTH, END, and CRF in inflammation as a localized hypothalamic-pituitary-like axis is discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.