ArticleTobacco control2007
Smoking in Scottish youths: personal income, parental social class and the cost of smoking.
Article in Tobacco control, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electronic cigarette use among adolescents in 17 European study sites: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey.European journal of public health · 2022Observational
- Identification of Heavy Tobacco Smoking Predictors-Influence of Marijuana Consuming Peers and Truancy among College Students.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Do the socioeconomic context and the European geographical area modify parental influences on smoking experimentation among adolescents?European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2021Article
- Socioeconomic factors associated with tobacco smoking among adult males in Sri Lanka.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Factors associated with different smoking statuses among Malaysian adolescent smokers: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Poly-substance use and sexual risk behaviours: a cross-sectional comparison of adolescents in mainstream and alternative education settings.BMC public health · 2019Article
- The association between personal income and smoking among adolescents: a study in six European cities.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Article
- Cholesteatoma: a disease of the poor (socially deprived)?European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2015Article
- Household and school-level influences on smoking behavior among Korean adolescents: a multilevel analysis.PloS one · 2014Article
- Personal factors associated with smoking among marginalized and disadvantaged youth in Japan. A strong relationship between smoking and convenience store use.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2013Article
- Is income or employment a stronger predictor of smoking than education in economically less developed countries? A cross-sectional study in Hungary.BMC public health · 2011Article
- Sources of cigarettes among adolescent smokers: Free or purchased?American journal of health educationArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the relation of young people's personal income and parental social class with smoking from early to mid adolescence.
designLongitudinal, school based, study of a cohort of 2586 eleven year-olds followed up at ages 13 and 15.
settingWest of Scotland.
participants93% baseline participation, reducing to 79% at age 15.
main outcome measuresEver smoked (age 11), current and daily smoking (ages 13 and 15) and the proportion of income spent on tobacco (13 and 15) based on recommended retail prices of usual brands.
resultsStrong independent effects of parental social class and personal income were found at 11 years, both reducing with age. The higher incomes of lower class participants attenuated the social class effect on smoking at ages 11 and 13, but not at 15. Analysis within class groups showed variation in the effect of income on smoking, being strongest among higher class youths and weak or non-existent among lower class youths. This was despite the fact that the proportion of weekly income apparently spent on tobacco was greater among lower class youths.
conclusionsThe results confirm the importance of personal income and parental social class for youth smoking, but they also show that personal income matters more for those from higher class backgrounds. This suggests both that lower class youths have greater access to tobacco from family and friends and to cheaper sources of cigarettes from illegal sources. This complicates the relation between fiscal policies and smoking and might have the unintended consequence of increasing class differentials in youth smoking rather than the reverse.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.