ArticlePlant physiology2007
Early steps in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the model legume Medicago truncatula.
Article in Plant physiology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers.
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Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 226 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proanthocyanidins: structure, biosynthesis, regulation, and structure-activity relationships.aBIOTECH · 2026Review
- Expression dynamics of starch and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis genes during Quercus glauca fruit development.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Molecular insights into postharvest seed coat darkening in common beans: a look beyond theFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and postharvest seed coat darkening in pinto bean.Phytochemistry reviews : proceedings of the Phytochemical Society of Europe · 2025Review
- The Lotus corniculatus MYB5 functions as a master regulator in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and bioengineering.Plant cell reports · 2024Article
- Overexpression ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Unveiling the mysteries of HvANS: a study on anthocyanin biosynthesis in qingke (hordeum vulgare L. var. Nudum hook. f.) seeds.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- CaLAP1 and CaLAP2 orchestrate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the seed coat of Cicer arietinum.Planta · 2024Article
- Article
- Phenylpropanoid Content of Chickpea Seed Coats in Relation to Seed Dormancy.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Evolution of Seed-Soluble and Insoluble Tannins during Grape Berry Maturation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The complexities of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and its regulation in plants.Plant communications · 2023Review
- Enhanced UV-B Radiation Induced the Proanthocyanidins Accumulation in Red Rice Grain of Traditional Rice Cultivars and Increased Antioxidant Capacity in Aging Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- VabHLH137 promotes proanthocyanidin and anthocyanin biosynthesis and enhances resistance toHorticulture research · 2023Article
- Two genes, ANS and UFGT2, from Vaccinium spp. are key steps for modulating anthocyanin production.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Targeted Metabolomics Provide Chemotaxonomic Insights ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- The Seed Coat's Impact on Crop Performance in Pea (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Function deficiency of GhOMT1 causes anthocyanidins over-accumulation and diversifies fibre colours in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).Plant biotechnology journal · 2022Article
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (PAs) composed primarily of epicatechin units accumulate in the seed coats of the model legume Medicago truncatula, reaching maximal levels at around 20 d after pollination. Genes encoding the single Medicago anthocyanidin synthase (ANS; EC 1.14.11.19) and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR; EC 1.17.1.3) were cloned and the corresponding enzymes functionally identified. Recombinant MtANS converted leucocyanidin to cyanidin, and, more efficiently, dihydroquercetin to the flavonol quercetin. Levels of transcripts encoding dihydroflavonol reductase, ANS, and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), the enzyme responsible for conversion of anthocyanidin to (-)-epicatechin, paralleled the accumulation of PAs in developing seeds, whereas LAR transcripts appeared to be more transiently expressed. LAR, ANS, and ANR proteins were localized to the cytosol in transfected tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves. Antisense down-regulation of ANS in M. truncatula resulted in reduced anthocyanin and PA levels, but had no impact on flavonol levels. Transgenic tobacco plants constitutively overexpressing MtLAR showed reduced anthocyanin content, but no catechin or increased levels of PAs were detected either in leaves or in flowers. Our results confirm previously ascribed in vivo functions for ANS and ANR. However, the apparent lack of catechin in M. truncatula PAs, the poor correlation between LAR expression and PA accumulation, and the lack of production of catechin monomers or oligomers in transgenic plants overexpressing MtLAR question the role of MtLAR in PA biosynthesis in Medicago.
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