ArticlePhotochemistry and photobiology
Apoptosis and autophagy after mitochondrial or endoplasmic reticulum photodamage.
Article in Photochemistry and photobiology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Influence of the Central Metal (Zn) in the Porphyrin Skeleton on the Mechanism Induced by Photodynamic Therapy.Cancers · 2026Review
- Photodynamic therapy mediates antitumor effects through multiple non‑apoptotic cell death pathways.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Photodynamic therapy for oral mucosal lesions: photosensitizer evolution, pharmacological mechanisms, and clinical translation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Treatment of Conjunctival Melanoma Cell Lines With a Light-Activated Virus-Like Drug Conjugate Induces Immunogenic Cell Death.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Cellular Mechanisms of Singlet Oxygen in Photodynamic Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Anti-Hypoxia Nanoplatforms for Enhanced Photosensitizer Uptake and Photodynamic Therapy Effects in Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Current Challenges and Opportunities of Photodynamic Therapy against Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Vitamin B6 Inhibits High Glucose-Induced Islet β Cell Apoptosis by Upregulating Autophagy.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Recent advances in nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (PDT)-driven cancer immunotherapy.Theranostics · 2022Review
- COUPY Coumarins as Novel Mitochondria-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Anticancer Agents.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- Photodynamic Therapy Induced Cell Death Mechanisms in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Review
- Titanium Dioxide Induces Apoptosis under UVA Irradiation via the Generation of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species in HaCat Cells.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Photodynamic Therapy-Current Limitations and Novel Approaches.Frontiers in chemistry · 2021Review
- Controllable Assembly of Upconversion Nanoparticles Enhanced Tumor Cell Penetration and Killing Efficiency.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2020Article
- Photodynamic therapy induces autophagy-mediated cell death in human colorectal cancer cells via activation of the ROS/JNK signaling pathway.Cell death & disease · 2020Article
- Utility of Photodynamic Therapy in Dentistry: Current Concepts.Dentistry journal · 2020Review
- An ATP-Regulated Ion Transport Nanosystem for Homeostatic Perturbation Therapy and Sensitizing Photodynamic Therapy by Autophagy Inhibition of Tumors.ACS central science · 2019Article
- Parallel damage in mitochondria and lysosomes is an efficient way to photoinduce cell death.Autophagy · 2019Article
- Painless versus conventional photodynamic therapy for treatment of actinic keratosis: Comparison of cell death and immune response in a murine model.Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering · 2019Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can cause lethal photodamage by both direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct modes of cell death relate to nonspecific necrosis and the initiation of signaling pathways that elicit apoptosis, autophagy or both. In this report, effects of low-dose and high-dose PDT are explored, comparing sensitizers that localize in the endoplasmic reticulum (the porphycene termed CPO) or mitochondria (mesochlorin). To explore the role of autophagy, two cell lines were examined--the murine L1210 leukemia and an Atg7 knockdown derivative of L1210. The Atg7 gene is central to the process of autophagy. High-dose PDT with either sensitizer resulted in a substantial loss of the Bcl-2 protein. As Bcl-2 regulates both apoptosis and autophagy, loss of this protein can lead to initiation of either or both processes. Low-dose PDT with either sensitizer resulted in the initiation of apoptosis in the L1210/Atg7- cell line and a 20% loss of viability. In contrast, the same PDT dose led to the rapid appearance of autophagic cells in the L1210 line, less apoptosis and only a 5% loss of viability. These results are consistent with autophagy serving as a pro-survival response via the recycling of damaged organelles. At a higher PDT dose more apoptosis was again seen in the L1210/Atg7- line, but both cell lines exhibited comparable cytotoxicity in colony formation assays. We conclude that autophagy offers protection from the phototoxic effects of low-dose PDT, but can serve as an alternate death mode when the PDT dose is increased.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.