ArticleJournal of pharmaceutical sciences2008
Examination of barriers and barrier alteration in transscleral iontophoresis.
Article in Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of Hydrogels in the Device of Ophthalmic Iontophoresis: Theory, Developments and Perspectives.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Protein and polypeptide mediated delivery to the eye.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- Development of Moderate Intensity Focused Ultrasound (MIFU) for Ocular Drug Delivery.BME frontiers · 2022Article
- The Emerging Role of Topical Ocular Drugs to Target the Posterior Eye.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2021Review
- Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Ophthalmic Administration: Towards Experimental Design Implementation.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Ocular Biodistribution Studies using Molecular Imaging.Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
- MRI study of subconjunctival and intravitreal injections.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2012Article
- Ocular pharmacokinetic study using T₁ mapping and Gd-chelate- labeled polymers.Pharmaceutical research · 2011Article
- Corneal permeability assay of topical eye drop solutions in rabbits by MRI.Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban · 2010Article
- New techniques for drug delivery to the posterior eye segment.Pharmaceutical research · 2010Review
- Transscleral iontophoretic and intravitreal delivery of a macromolecule: study of ocular distribution in vivo and postmortem with MRI.Experimental eye research · 2009Article
- MRI in ocular drug delivery.NMR in biomedicine · 2008Review
- Drug delivery to posterior intraocular tissues: third Annual ARVO/Pfizer Ophthalmics Research Institute Conference.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The flux enhancing mechanisms of transscleral iontophoresis are not well understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate the ocular barrier and barrier alterations in transscleral iontophoretic delivery with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Experiments involving constant current transscleral iontophoresis of 2 mA (current density 10 mA/cm(2)) and subconjunctival injection were conducted with rabbits in vivo and postmortem and with excised sclera in side-by-side diffusion cells in vitro. The postmortem and in vitro experiments were expected to be helpful in clarifying the importance of vascular clearance and other transport barriers in transscleral iontophoresis. Manganese ion (Mn(2+)) and manganese ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex (MnEDTA(2-)) were the model permeants. The results show that pretreatment of the eye with an electric field by iontophoresis enhanced subconjunctival delivery of the permeants to the anterior segment of the eye in vivo. This suggests that electric field-induced barrier alterations can be an important absorption enhancing mechanism of ocular iontophoresis. Penetration enhancement was magnified in the postmortem experiments with larger amounts of the permeants delivered into the eye and to the back of the eye. The different results observed in the in vivo and postmortem studies can be attributed to ocular clearance in ocular delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.