ReviewBioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology2007
Breast cancer and metabolic syndrome linked through the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 cycle.
Review in BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Weight Loss and Exercise Effects on Serum Biomarkers of Angiogenesis in Overweight Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Cancer research · 2016Trial
- Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer risk: a case-cohort study nested in a multicentre italian cohort.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Effect of a 12-month exercise intervention on serum biomarkers of angiogenesis in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2014Trial
- Visceral Adipose Predicts Prognosis and Toxicities in Locally Advanced Bladder Cancer Patients Treated With Adjuvant Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin Chemotherapy.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- A Contemporary Review of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1: Structure, Function, Genetic Architecture, and Intracellular/Extracellular Roles.TH open : companion journal to thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Review
- Review
- Suggestions on leading an academic research laboratory group.Open life sciences · 2022Article
- Investigation of the association between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer patients.European journal of translational myology · 2020Article
- The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 paradox in cancer: a mechanistic understanding.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2019Review
- Proteolysis is the most fundamental property of malignancy and its inhibition may be used therapeutically (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2019Review
- Epsilon-aminocaproic acid prevents high glucose and insulin induced-invasiveness in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, modulating the plasminogen activator system.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2018Article
- Intracellular Expression of PAI-1 Specific Aptamers Alters Breast Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion and Angiogenesis.PloS one · 2016Article
- Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased breast cancer risk: a systematic review with meta-analysis.International journal of breast cancer · 2014Review
- Protumorigenic activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 through an antiapoptotic function.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2012Article
- Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is an aggregate response factor with pleiotropic effects on cell signaling in vascular disease and the tumor microenvironment.Thrombosis research · 2010Review
- Metabolic syndrome and elevated C-reactive protein in breast cancer survivors on adjuvant hormone therapy.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2009Article
- Insulin acts through FOXO3a to activate transcription of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1.Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2009Article
- Antimetastatic potential of PAI-1-specific RNA aptamers.Oligonucleotides · 2009Article
- PAI-1 Regulates the Invasive Phenotype in Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of oncology · 2009Article
- Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1: the double-edged sword in apoptosis.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2008Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a physiological inhibitor of urokinase (uPA), a serine protease known to promote cell migration and invasion. Intuitively, increased levels of PAI-1 should be beneficial in downregulating uPA activity, particularly in cancer. By contrast, in vivo, increased levels of PAI-1 are associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. This phenomenon is termed the "PAI-1 paradox". Many factors are responsible for the upregulation of PAI-1 in the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesize that there is a breast cancer predisposition to a more aggressive stage when PAI-1 is upregulated as a consequence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). MetS exerts a detrimental effect on the breast tumor microenvironment that supports cancer invasion. People with MetS have an increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and hyperinsulinemia. Recently, MetS has also been identified as a risk factor for breast cancer. We hypothesize the existence of the "PAI-1 cycle". Sustained by MetS, adipocytokines alter PAI-1 expression to promote angiogenesis, tumor-cell migration and procoagulant microparticle formation from endothelial cells, which generates thrombin and further propagates PAI-1 synthesis. All of these factors culminate in a chemotherapy-resistant breast tumor microenvironment. The PAI-1 cycle may partly explain the PAI-1 paradox. In this hypothesis paper, we will discuss further how MetS upregulates PAI-1 and how an increased level of PAI-1 can be linked to a poor prognosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.