ArticleCancer research2007
Transforming growth factor-beta can suppress tumorigenesis through effects on the putative cancer stem or early progenitor cell and committed progeny in a breast cancer xenograft model.
Article in Cancer research, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma membrane order maps functional diversity in immune cells.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Cytokine Networks in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, and Emerging Strategies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- TGFβ family signaling in human stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.Cell regeneration (London, England) · 2024Review
- Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad Signaling Inhibits Melanoma Cancer Stem Cell Self-Renewal, Tumor Formation and Metastasis.Cancers · 2024Article
- Proactive and reactive roles of TGF-β in cancer.Seminars in cancer biology · 2023Review
- Leveraging the replication stress response to optimize cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2023Review
- Enhanced tumor targeting and timely viral release of mesenchymal stem cells/oncolytic virus complex due to GRP78 and inducible E1B55K expressions greatly increase the antitumor effect of systemic treatment.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Article
- A MYC-ZNF148-ID1/3 regulatory axis modulating cancer stem cell traits in aggressive breast cancer.Oncogenesis · 2022Article
- The functional multipotency of transforming growth factor β signaling at the intersection of senescence and cancer.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- The telomere complex and the origin of the cancer stem cell.Biomarker research · 2021Review
- Clinically Translatable Approaches of Inhibiting TGF-β to Target Cancer Stem Cells in TNBC.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Cancer Stem Cells and Neovascularization.Cells · 2021Review
- Breast cancer stem cells: A review of their characteristics and the agents that affect them.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2021Review
- The Outcome of TGFβ Antagonism in Metastatic Breast Cancer ModelsClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020Article
- Id Proteins Promote a Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype in Mouse Models of Triple Negative Breast Cancer via Negative Regulation of Robo1.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- TGF-β Family Signaling in Tumor Suppression and Cancer Progression.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2017Review
- Targeting TGF-β Signaling for Therapeutic Gain.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2017Review
- Transforming Growth Factor β/NR4A1-Inducible Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Is p38α (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14) Dependent.Molecular and cellular biology · 2017Article
- Transforming growth factor β as regulator of cancer stemness and metastasis.British journal of cancer · 2016Review
- TGF-β and the TGF-β Family: Context-Dependent Roles in Cell and Tissue Physiology.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) pathway has tumor-suppressor activity in many epithelial tissues. Because TGF-beta is a potent inhibitor of epithelial cell proliferation, it has been widely assumed that this property underlies the tumor-suppressor effect. Here, we have used a xenograft model of breast cancer to show that endogenous TGF-beta has the potential to suppress tumorigenesis through a novel mechanism, involving effects at two distinct levels in the hierarchy of cellular progeny that make up the epithelial component of the tumor. First, TGF-beta reduces the size of the putative cancer stem or early progenitor cell population, and second it promotes differentiation of a more committed, but highly proliferative, progenitor cell population to an intrinsically less proliferative state. We further show that reduced expression of the type II TGF-beta receptor correlates with loss of luminal differentiation in a clinical breast cancer cohort, suggesting that this mechanism may be clinically relevant. At a molecular level, the induction of differentiation by TGF-beta involves down-regulation of Id1, and forced overexpression of Id1 can promote tumorigenesis despite persistence of the antiproliferative effect of TGF-beta. These data suggest new roles for the TGF-beta pathway in regulating tumor cell dynamics that are independent of direct effects on proliferation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.