ReviewJournal of epidemiology and community health2007
Toward the next generation of research into small area effects on health: a synthesis of multilevel investigations published since July 1998.
Review in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Socioeconomic position and childhood-adolescent weight status in rich countries: a systematic review, 1990-2013.BMC pediatrics · 2015Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Is segregation bad for your health?Epidemiologic reviews · 2009Pooled it
- From Averages to Heterogeneity: A Plain-Language Guide to MAIHDA in Epidemiology.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2026Review
- Quantifying the magnitude of the general contextual effect in a multilevel study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Ontario, Canada: application of the median rate ratio in population health research.Population health metrics · 2024Observational
- Effect of area-level socioeconomic deprivation on mental and physical health: A longitudinal natural experiment among refugees in Germany.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- 21st century (clinical) decision support in nursing and allied healthcare. Developing a learning health system: a reasoned design of a theoretical framework.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2023Review
- Prevalent falls, fall frequencies and health-related quality of life among community-dwelling older Chinese adults.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Do health trajectories predict neighborhood outcomes? Evidence of health selection in a diverse sample of U.S. adults.Health & place · 2022Article
- Interpreting a standardized and normalized measure of neighborhood socioeconomic status for a better understanding of health differences.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2021Article
- Geographic variation in cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence explained by area-level disadvantage in the Illawarra-Shoalhaven region of the NSW, Australia.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Associations of neighborhood socioeconomic conditions with self-rated health, mental distress, and health behaviors: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Article
- DyBMJ open · 2019Article
- Mortality and Morbidity in a Population Exposed to Emission from a Municipal Waste Incinerator. A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Understanding Embodiment in Place-Health Research: Approaches, Limitations, and Opportunities.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2019Review
- Individual Mobility and Uncertain Geographic Context: Real-time Versus Neighborhood Approximated Exposure to Retail Tobacco Outlets Across the US.Journal of healthcare informatics research · 2019Article
- Association of social deprivation with 1-year outcome of ICU survivors: results from the FROG-ICU study.Intensive care medicine · 2018Observational
- Primary care in Germany: access and utilisation-a cross-sectional study with data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).BMJ open · 2018Article
- General and specific contextual effects in multilevel regression analyses and their paradoxical relationship: A conceptual tutorial.SSM - population health · 2018Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To map out area effects on health research, this study had the following aims: (1) to inventory multilevel investigations of area effects on self rated health, cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, and mortality among adults; (2) to describe and critically discuss methodological approaches employed and results observed; and (3) to formulate selected recommendations for advancing the study of area effects on health. Overall, 86 studies were inventoried. Although several innovative methodological approaches and analytical designs were found, small areas are most often operationalised using administrative and statistical spatial units. Most studies used indicators of area socioeconomic status derived from censuses, and few provided information on the validity and reliability of measures of exposures. A consistent finding was that a significant portion of the variation in health is associated with area context independently of individual characteristics. Area effects on health, although significant in most studies, often depend on the health outcome studied, the measure of area exposure used, and the spatial scale at which associations are examined.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.