ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology2007
Transport of butyryl-L-carnitine, a potential prodrug, via the carnitine transporter OCTN2 and the amino acid transporter ATB(0,+).
Article in American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
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- One-year supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 counteracts a degradation of gut microbiota in older women with low bone mineral density.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2022Trial
- Inhibition of levodopa metabolism to dopamine by honokiol short-chain fatty acid derivatives may enhance therapeutic efficacy in Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comprehensive review of the expanding roles of the carnitine pool in metabolic physiology: beyond fatty acid oxidation.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Physiological function of gut microbiota and metabolome on successful pregnancy and lactation in the captive Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)†.Biology of reproduction · 2024Article
- Detrimental Impacts of Pharmaceutical Excipient PEG400 on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome in Healthy Mice.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Synergistic Effects of the Combination of L-Carnitine and Lycopene on the Lycopene Bioavailability and Duodenal Health of Roosters.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Transporter-Mediated Drug Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Spermidine improves the antioxidant capacity and morphology of intestinal tissues and regulates intestinal microorganisms in Sichuan white geese.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Study on the mechanism of American ginseng extract for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus based on metabolomics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
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- Metabolic Alterations in Older Women With Low Bone Mineral Density Supplemented WithJBMR plus · 2021Article
- Amino acid transporters: Emerging roles in drug delivery for tumor-targeting therapy.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2020Review
- Intestinal OCTN2- and MCT1-targeted drug delivery to improve oral bioavailability.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2020Review
- Glutamine transporters as pharmacological targets: From function to drug design.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2020Review
- Production, Structural Characterization, and In Vitro Assessment of the Prebiotic Potential of Butyl-Fructooligosaccharides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Amino Acid Transporter SLC6A14 (ATBFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Solute carrier transporters: the metabolic gatekeepers of immune cells.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2020Review
- ASIC3-dependent metabolomics profiling of serum and urine in a mouse model of fibromyalgia.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Overview of the Components of Cardiac Metabolism.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
L-carnitine is absorbed in the intestinal tract via the carnitine transporter OCTN2 and the amino acid transporter ATB(0,+). Loss-of-function mutations in OCTN2 may be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), suggesting a role for carnitine in intestinal/colonic health. In contrast, ATB(0,+) is upregulated in bowel inflammation. Butyrate, a bacterial fermentation product, is beneficial for prevention/treatment of ulcerative colitis. Butyryl-L-carnitine (BC), a butyrate ester of carnitine, may have potential for treatment of gut inflammation, since BC would supply both butyrate and carnitine. We examined the transport of BC via ATB(0,+) to determine if this transporter could serve as a delivery system for BC. We also examined the transport of BC via OCTN2. Studies were done with cloned ATB(0,+) and OCTN2 in heterologous expression systems. BC inhibited ATB(0,+)-mediated glycine transport in mammalian cells (IC(50), 4.6 +/- 0.7 mM). In Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human ATB(0,+), BC induced Na(+) -dependent inward currents under voltage-clamp conditions. The currents were saturable with a K(0.5) of 1.4 +/- 0.1 mM. Na(+) activation kinetics of BC-induced currents suggested involvement of two Na(+) per transport cycle. BC also inhibited OCTN2-mediated carnitine uptake (IC(50), 1.5 +/- 0.3 microM). Transport of BC via OCTN2 is electrogenic, as evidenced from BC-induced inward currents. These currents were Na(+) dependent and saturable (K(0.5), 0.40 +/- 0.02 microM). We conclude that ATB(0,+) is a low-affinity/high-capacity transporter for BC, whereas OCTN2 is a high-affinity/low-capacity transporter. ATB(0,+) may mediate intestinal absorption of BC when OCTN2 is defective.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.