ArticleJournal of virology2007
Virally delivered cytokines alter the immune response to future lung infections.
Article in Journal of virology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Rapid Yeast-Based System for Modifying Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Cutting Edge: First Lung Infection Permanently Enlarges Lymph Nodes and Enhances New T Cell Responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Article
- Enhanced IL-2 in early life limits the development of TFH and protective antiviral immunity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- Review
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus induces the classical ROS-dependent NETosis through PAD-4 and necroptosis pathways activation.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccines Give Equivalent Protection against Influenza to mRNA Vaccines but at Much Lower Doses.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2018Article
- Airway T cells protect against RSV infection in the absence of antibody.Mucosal immunology · 2018Article
- A small-molecule IRF3 agonist functions as an influenza vaccine adjuvant by modulating the antiviral immune response.Vaccine · 2017Article
- Neonatal antibody responses are attenuated by interferon-γ produced by NK and T cells during RSV infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
- Preexposure to CpG protects against the delayed effects of neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Immunomodulation with IL-4R alpha antisense oligonucleotide prevents respiratory syncytial virus-mediated pulmonary disease.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2010Article
- Delivery of cytokines by recombinant virus in early life alters the immune response to adult lung infection.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- Interleukin 18 coexpression during respiratory syncytial virus infection results in enhanced disease mediated by natural killer cells.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- Anti-inflammatory effect of MUC1 during respiratory syncytial virus infection of lung epithelial cells in vitro.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2010Article
- Prophylactic administration of bacterially derived immunomodulators improves the outcome of influenza virus infection in a murine model.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- Outcome of critically ill patients with influenza virus infection.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2009Article
- Respiratory viruses and eosinophils: exploring the connections.Antiviral research · 2009Review
- Protective T cell immunity against respiratory syncytial virus is efficiently induced by recombinant BCG.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2008Article
- Alveolar macrophages are a major determinant of early responses to viral lung infection but do not influence subsequent disease development.Journal of virology · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide and is increasingly recognized to have a role in the development and exacerbation of chronic lung diseases. There is no effective vaccine, and we reasoned that it might be possible to skew the immune system towards beneficial nonpathogenic responses by selectively priming protective T-cell subsets. We therefore tested recombinant RSV (rRSV) candidates expressing prototypic murine Th1 (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma]) or Th2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4]) cytokines, with detailed monitoring of responses to subsequent infections with RSV or (as a control) influenza A virus. Although priming with either recombinant vector reduced viral load during RSV challenge, enhanced weight loss and enhanced pulmonary influx of RSV-specific CD8+ T cells were observed after challenge in mice primed with rRSV/IFN-gamma. By contrast, rRSV/IL-4-primed mice were protected against weight loss during secondary challenge but showed airway eosinophilia. When rRSV/IL-4-primed mice were challenged with influenza virus, weight loss was attenuated but was again accompanied by marked airway eosinophilia. Thus, immunization directed toward enhancement of Th1 responses reduces viral load but is not necessarily protective against disease. Counter to expectation, Th2-biased responses were more beneficial but also influenced the pathological effects of heterologous viral challenge.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.