ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2007
Magnetic microposts as an approach to apply forces to living cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers.
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Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 333 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanotransduction of Magnetically Applied Forces Leads to Mechanical Stiffening of Platelet-Rich Plugs.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Mechanobiology of the tumor microenvironment: a review of therapeutic interactions and in vitro elasticity measurement techniques.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- PPy-Coated Wire Actuators for the Micromechanostimulation of Cells: Fabrication and Characterization.Small science · 2026Article
- Tunable Magnetic Remanence of Antiferromagnetically Coupled FeACS applied nano materials · 2025Article
- Micropillars in Cell Mechanobiology: Design, Fabrication, Characterization, and Biosensing Applications.Small science · 2025Review
- Magnetically Driven Hydrogel Surfaces for Modulating Macrophage Behavior.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2024Article
- A Synergistic Overview between Microfluidics and Numerical Research for Vascular Flow and Pathological Investigations.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Biomaterial-based mechanical regulation facilitates scarless wound healing with functional skin appendage regeneration.Military Medical Research · 2024Review
- Potential of Nano-Engineered Stem Cells in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Coupling of static ultramicromagnetic field with elastic micropillar-structured substrate for cell response.Materials today. Bio · 2023Article
- Hydrogel platform capable of molecularly resolved pulling on cells for mechanotransduction.Materials today. Bio · 2022Article
- Mechanosensitive Ion Channel PIEZO1 Signaling in the Hall-Marks of Cancer: Structure and Functions.Cancers · 2022Review
- Modulated nanowire scaffold for highly efficient differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
- Engineering multiscale structural orders for high-fidelity embryoids and organoids.Cell stem cell · 2022Review
- Microscopic artificial cilia - a review.Lab on a chip · 2022Review
- Measuring Cytoskeletal Mechanical Fluctuations and Rheology with Active Micropost Arrays.Current protocols · 2022Article
- Profiling the responsiveness of focal adhesions of human cardiomyocytes to extracellular dynamic nano-topography.Bioactive materials · 2022Article
- Cell monolayer deformation microscopy reveals mechanical fragility of cell monolayers following EMT.Biophysical journal · 2022Article
- Magnetically-actuated microposts stimulate axon growth.Biophysical journal · 2022Article
- Viscoelasticity, Like Forces, Plays a Role in Mechanotransduction.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cells respond to mechanical forces whether applied externally or generated internally via the cytoskeleton. To study the cellular response to forces separately, we applied external forces to cells via microfabricated magnetic posts containing cobalt nanowires interspersed among an array of elastomeric posts, which acted as independent sensors to cellular traction forces. A magnetic field induced torque in the nanowires, which deflected the magnetic posts and imparted force to individual adhesions of cells attached to the array. Using this system, we examined the cellular reaction to applied forces and found that applying a step force led to an increase in local focal adhesion size at the site of application but not at nearby nonmagnetic posts. Focal adhesion recruitment was enhanced further when cells were subjected to multiple force actuations within the same time interval. Recording the traction forces in response to such force stimulation revealed two responses: a sudden loss in contractility that occurred within the first minute of stimulation or a gradual decay in contractility over several minutes. For both types of responses, the subcellular distribution of loss in traction forces was not confined to locations near the actuated micropost, nor uniformly across the whole cell, but instead occurred at discrete locations along the cell periphery. Together, these data reveal an important dynamic biological relationship between external and internal forces and demonstrate the utility of this microfabricated system to explore this interaction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.