ReviewBritish journal of pharmacology2007
Endocannabinoids and the gastrointestinal tract: what are the key questions?
Review in British journal of pharmacology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment-a Systematic Review.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2017Pooled it
- Preliminary efficacy and safety of an oromucosal standardized cannabis extract in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2010Trial
- Natural Products Derived from Cannabis sativa for Pain Management.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2025Review
- Review
- Lysophosphatidylinositol Induced Morphological Changes and Stress Fiber Formation through the GPR55-RhoA-ROCK Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Exploration of Multiverse Activities of Endocannabinoids in Biological Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Cannabinoids and Endocannabinoid System Changes in Intestinal Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer.Cancers · 2021Review
- Cannabidiol Isolated FromFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- µ-opioid receptor, β-endorphin, and cannabinoid receptor-2 are increased in the colonic mucosa of irritable bowel syndrome patients.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2019Article
- Dual cyclooxygenase-fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor exploits novel binding interactions in the cyclooxygenase active site.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- Advances in the Physiology of GPR55 in the Central Nervous System.Current neuropharmacology · 2017Review
- A role for GPR55 in human placental venous endothelial cells.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2015Article
- Translational neuropharmacology: the use of human isolated gastrointestinal tissues.British journal of pharmacology · 2013Review
- Molecular mechanisms of appetite regulation.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2012Article
- Rimonabant, gastrointestinal motility and obesity.Current neuropharmacology · 2012Article
- Targeted modification of wheat grain protein to reduce the content of celiac causing epitopes.Functional & integrative genomics · 2012Review
- Inhibitory effect of cannabichromene, a major non-psychotropic cannabinoid extracted from Cannabis sativa, on inflammation-induced hypermotility in mice.British journal of pharmacology · 2012Article
- Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase attenuates vomiting in Suncus murinus and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol attenuates nausea in rats.British journal of pharmacology · 2012Article
- Cannabinoids mediate opposing effects on inflammation-induced intestinal permeability.British journal of pharmacology · 2012Article
- TRP channels in neurogastroenterology: opportunities for therapeutic intervention.British journal of pharmacology · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cannabinoid (CB1) receptor activation acts neuronally, reducing GI motility, diarrhoea, pain, transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) and emesis, and promoting eating. CB2 receptor activation acts mostly via immune cells to reduce inflammation. What are the key questions which now need answering to further understand endocannabinoid pathophysiology? GPR55. Does this receptor have a GI role? Satiety, Nausea, Vomiting, Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux, Gastric Emptying. Endocannabinoids acting at CB1 receptors can increase food intake and body weight, exert anti-emetic activity, reduce gastric acid secretion and TLESRs; CB2 receptors may have a small role in emesis. Question 1: CB1 receptor activation reduces emesis and gastric emptying but the latter is associated with nausea. How is the paradox explained? Q2: Do non-CB receptor actions of endocannabinoids (for example TRPV1) also modulate emesis? Q3: Is pathology necessary (gastritis, gastro-oesophageal reflux) to observe CB2 receptor function? Intestinal Transit and Secretion. Reduced by endocannabinoids at CB1 receptors, but not by CB2 receptor agonists. Q1: Do the effects of endocannabinoids rapidly diminish with repeat-dosing? Q2: Do CB2 receptors need to be pathologically upregulated before they are active? Inflammation. CB1, CB2 and TRPV1 receptors may mediate an ability of endocannabinoids to reduce GI inflammation or its consequences. Q1: Are CB2 receptors upregulated by inflammatory or other pathology? Pain. Colonic bacterial flora may upregulate CB2 receptor expression and thereby increase intestinal sensitivity to noxious stimuli. Q1: Are CB2 receptors the interface between colonic bacteria and enteric- or extrinsic nerve sensitivity? Relevance of endocannabinoids to humans. Perhaps apart from appetite, this is largely unknown.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.