ArticlePediatrics2007
Socioemotional effects of fathers' incarceration on low-income, urban, school-aged children.
Article in Pediatrics, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parental Incarceration, Development, and Well-Being: A Developmental Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Children's antisocial behavior, mental health, drug use, and educational performance after parental incarceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin · 2012Pooled it
- Is segregation bad for your health?Epidemiologic reviews · 2009Pooled it
- Public health approaches to children affected by parental incarceration: the central role of school nursing in supporting a vulnerable population.Journal of research in nursing : JRN · 2026Article
- Paternal Incarceration and Adolescent Delinquency: Role of Father Engagement and Early Child Behavior Problems.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences: Relationship with Empathy and Alexithymia.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2023Article
- Attention, Externalizing, and Internalizing Problems of Youth Exposed to Parental Incarceration.Issues in mental health nursing · 2019Observational
- Maternal Incarceration, Children's Psychological Adjustment, and the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation.Journal of abnormal child psychology · 2018Article
- The Unequal Consequences of Mass Incarceration for Children.Demography · 2017Article
- Beyond Boys' Bad Behavior: Paternal Incarceration and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood.Social forces; a scientific medium of social study and interpretation · 2016Article
- Multiple Barriers to Economic Opportunity for the "Truly" Disadvantaged and Vulnerable.The Russell Sage Foundation journal of the social sciences : RSF · 2016Article
- Prenatal substance exposure: What predicts behavioral resilience by early adolescence?Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2015Article
- The Impact of Parental Detention on the Psychological Wellbeing of Palestinian Children.PloS one · 2015Article
- The impact of parental incarceration on the physical and mental health of young adults.Pediatrics · 2013Article
- Beyond absenteeism: father incarceration and child development.Demography · 2012Article
- Are there effects of intrauterine cocaine exposure on delinquency during early adolescence? A preliminary report.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP · 2011Article
- Paternal incarceration and support for children in fragile families.Demography · 2011Article
- Paternal incarceration and trajectories of marijuana and other illegal drug use from adolescence into young adulthood: evidence from longitudinal panels of males and females in the United States.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2011Article
- Parental Incarceration and Child Wellbeing: Implications for Urban Families.Social science quarterly · 2009Article
- Challenges of caregivers and needs of children with parents in a Nigerian prison.Nigerian journal of paediatricsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe goal was to evaluate whether children of incarcerated fathers are more likely to report or exhibit behavioral symptoms than their equally disadvantaged peers without an incarcerated father.
methodsDuring an ongoing longitudinal study of intrauterine cocaine exposure involving 102 children (50% male and 89% black) from urban, low-income homes, questions regarding incarceration of the child's father were asked of the child's primary caregiver at each visit during school age. Children were administered the Children's Depression Inventory between the ages of 6 and 11 years, and their primary caregivers completed the Child Behavior Checklist. In addition, the children's teachers completed the Teacher Report Form. Children's Depression Inventory, Child Behavior Checklist, and Teacher Report Form data obtained at the oldest available age after the first report of paternal incarceration were analyzed.
resultsIn bivariate analyses, children whose fathers were in jail had higher Children's Depression Inventory total scores compared with children without incarcerated fathers, indicating more depressive symptoms. This finding was robust in multivariate analyses after adjustment for children's age, gender, prenatal cocaine and alcohol exposure, and school-age violence exposure. Teachers reported higher Teacher Report Form externalizing scores for children whose fathers were in jail, after adjustment for age, gender, prenatal cocaine and marijuana exposure, and school-age violence exposure.
conclusionsChildren of incarcerated fathers reported more depressive symptoms and their teachers noted more externalizing behaviors, after controlling for other biopsychosocial risks. Interventions targeted to ameliorate the distress of children with incarcerated fathers should be considered.
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Registered trials
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