ArticleExperimental eye research2007
Pro-inflammatory cytokines increase reactive oxygen species through mitochondria and NADPH oxidase in cultured RPE cells.
Article in Experimental eye research, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 238 papers.
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Who cites it
238 citing papers in PubMed, 425 citations in OpenAlex.
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178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during inflammation are believed to play critical roles in various ocular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated if pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), induce ROS in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma increased both intracellular and extracellular ROS production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA), an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory chain, blocked TNF-alpha- and IFN-gamma-, but not IL-1 beta-induced ROS, whereas other two mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors, rotenone and antimycin A, had no effect. NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodinium) abolished the ROS production induced by IL-1 beta or IFN-gamma, but not by TNF-alpha, whereas 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN), an inhibitor of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS), had no significant effects on the ROS induced by all three cytokines. ROS scavengers, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), reduced the levels of ROS induced by TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma (P<0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrate that TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma increase mitochondrial- and NADPH oxidase-generated ROS in human RPE cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.