ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2007
Arabidopsis CYCD3 D-type cyclins link cell proliferation and endocycles and are rate-limiting for cytokinin responses.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 220 papers.
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220 citing papers in PubMed, 386 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Big data approaches to understanding gene regulatory networks in the shoot apical meristem andFrontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Growth regulation during early fruit development in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.): a temporal event map of transcriptome and phytohormone changes.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
160 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current understanding of the integration of cell division and expansion in the development of plant lateral organs such as leaves is limited. Cell number is established during a mitotic phase, and subsequent growth into a mature organ relies primarily on cell expansion accompanied by endocycles. Here we show that the three Arabidopsis cyclin D3 (CYCD3) genes are expressed in overlapping but distinct patterns in developing lateral organs and the shoot meristem. Triple loss-of-function mutants show that CYCD3 function is essential neither for the mitotic cell cycle nor for morphogenesis. Rather, analysis of mutant and reciprocal overexpression phenotypes shows that CYCD3 function contributes to the control of cell number in developing leaves by regulating the duration of the mitotic phase and timing of the transition to endocycles. Petals, which normally do not endoreduplicate, respond to loss of CYCD3 function with larger cells that initiate endocycles. The phytohormone cytokinin regulates cell division in the shoot meristem and developing leaves and induces CYCD3 expression. Loss of CYCD3 impairs shoot meristem function and leads to reduced cytokinin responses, including the inability to initiate shoots on callus, without affecting endogenous cytokinin levels. We conclude that CYCD3 activity is important for determining cell number in developing lateral organs and the relative contribution of the alternative processes of cell production and cell expansion to overall organ growth, as well as mediating cytokinin effects in apical growth and development.
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