ArticleBMC public health2007
Progress towards the child mortality millennium development goal in urban sub-Saharan Africa: the dynamics of population growth, immunization, and access to clean water.
Article in BMC public health, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- HIV-related mortality time trends among children and young adolescents on antiretroviral therapy by age, treatment duration, and region: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.The lancet. HIV · 2025Pooled it
- Vaccine equity in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2022Pooled it
- Immunization, urbanization and slums - a systematic review of factors and interventions.BMC public health · 2017Pooled it
- Approximation of the Cox survival regression model by MCMC Bayesian Hierarchical Poisson modelling of factors associated with childhood mortality in Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Individual-, household- and community-level determinants of infant mortality in Ethiopia.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Urbanization and Child Development: Investigating Socioeconomic, Structural, and Environmental Influences on Cognitive Development.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Effective coverage of maternal and newborn health services across the antepartum and peripartum continuum in primary health care in Ethiopia.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Modeling determinants of accessibility for healthcare services in rural and urban areas of Dodoma, Tanzania.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Exploring the Factors Underlying the Narrowing Urban Advantage in Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Understanding one health challenges in marginalized urban settings: A patient and public involvement (PPI) approach from the CHIP consortium activities across four global cities.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Exploring the "Urban Advantage" in Access to Immunization Services: A Comparison of Zero-Dose Prevalence Between Rural, and Poor and Non-poor Urban Households Across 97 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Water entrepreneurship and financialisation: Complexities for the attainment of SDG in sub-Saharan Africa.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Going deeper with health equity measurement: how much more can surveys reveal about inequalities in health intervention coverage and mortality in Zambia?International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Geographical disparities and determinants of infant mortality in Ethiopia: mapping and spatial analysis using EDHS data.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- How Zambia reduced inequalities in under-five mortality rates over the last two decades: a mixed-methods study.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of a collaborative model in improving maternal and child health outcomes among urban poor in Chandigarh, a North Indian city.Journal of education and health promotion · 2022Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Regarding the COVID-19 Outbreak in Côte d'Ivoire: Understanding the Non-Compliance of Populations with Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Determinants of healthcare seeking for childhood illnesses among caregivers of under-five children in urban slums in Malawi: a population-based cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Attending Informal Preschools and Daycare Centers Is a Risk Factor for Underweight, Stunting and Wasting in Children under the Age of Five Years in Underprivileged Communities in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImprovements in child survival have been very poor in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Since the 1990 s, declines in child mortality have reversed in many countries in the region, while in others, they have either slowed or stalled, making it improbable that the target of reducing child mortality by two thirds by 2015 will be reached. This paper highlights the implications of urban population growth and access to health and social services on progress in achieving MDG 4. Specifically, it examines trends in childhood mortality in SSA in relation to urban population growth, vaccination coverage and access to safe drinking water.
methodsCorrelation methods are used to analyze national-level data from the Demographic and Health Surveys and from the United Nations. The analysis is complemented by case studies on intra-urban health differences in Kenya and Zambia.
resultsOnly five of the 22 countries included in the study have recorded declines in urban child mortality that are in line with the MDG target of about 4% per year; five others have recorded an increase; and the 12 remaining countries witnessed only minimal decline. More rapid rate of urban population growth is associated with negative trend in access to safe drinking water and in vaccination coverage, and ultimately to increasing or timid declines in child mortality. There is evidence of intra-urban disparities in child health in some countries like Kenya and Zambia.
conclusionFailing to appropriately target the growing sub-group of the urban poor and improve their living conditions and health status - which is an MDG target itself - may result in lack of improvement on national indicators of health. Sustained expansion of potable water supplies and vaccination coverage among the disadvantaged urban dwellers should be given priority in the efforts to achieve the child mortality MDG in SSA.
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