ArticleRNA (New York, N.Y.)2007
Phosphorothioate cap analogs stabilize mRNA and increase translational efficiency in mammalian cells.
Article in RNA (New York, N.Y.), 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond the genetic code: orchestrating epigenetic and immune landscapes with multivalent mRNA-exosome vaccines.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Thio-modification effects on mRNA translation using a PureCap-based capping method.RSC chemical biology · 2026Article
- Unlocking the potential of mRNA nanomedicines for comprehensive fibrosis therapy.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- A Michaelis-Arbuzov-Type Pathway to a Protected 2'-Deoxy-2'-Selenomethyl-Adenosine-3',5'-Phosphoroselenolate Guanosine Dinucleotide for Use in Modified m7G Cap Synthesis.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Restoration of Defective CFTR in Human Nasal Respiratory Epithelial Cells by CFTR Modulators and mRNA Transfection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The 5' Cap Epitranscriptome and Beyond: Natural and Engineered 5' Cap Modifications for Optimizing mRNA Therapeutics and Functional Studies.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- Article
- Enhancing cap-independent translation of linear mRNA.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The role of excipients in lipid nanoparticle metabolism: implications for enhanced therapeutic effect.Therapeutic delivery · 2025Review
- From genetic code to global health: the impact of nucleic acid vaccines on disease prevention and treatment.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Developing mRNA Nanomedicines with Advanced Targeting Functions.Nano-micro letters · 2025Review
- Bioinformatics analysis to design a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine against S. agalactiae exploiting pathogenic proteins.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Trinucleotide cap analogs with triphosphate chain modifications: synthesis, properties, and evaluation as mRNA capping reagents.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Application of Mammalian Nudix Enzymes to Capped RNA Analysis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Current landscape of mRNA technologies and delivery systems for new modality therapeutics.Journal of biomedical science · 2024Review
- Advances in Nonviral mRNA Delivery Materials and Their Application as Vaccines for Melanoma Therapy.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Review
- mRNA vaccine development and applications: A special focus on tumors (Review).International journal of oncology · 2024Review
- mRNA Technology and Mucosal Immunization.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Article
- Messenger RNA Therapy for Female Reproductive Health.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2024Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Capped RNAs synthesized by in vitro transcription have found wide utility for studying mRNA function and metabolism and for producing proteins of interest. We characterize here a recently synthesized series of cap analogs with improved properties that contain a sulfur substitution for a nonbridging oxygen in either the alpha-, beta-, or gamma-phosphate moieties, m(2) (7,2'-O )Gppp(S)G, m(2) (7,2'-O )Gpp(S)pG, and m(2) (7,2'-O )Gp(S)ppG, respectively. The new compounds were also modified at the 2'-O position of the m(7)Guo to make them anti-reverse cap analogs (ARCAs), i.e., they are incorporated exclusively in the correct orientation during in vitro transcription. Each of the S-ARCAs exists in two diastereoisomeric forms (D1 and D2) that can be resolved by reverse-phase HPLC. A major in vivo pathway for mRNA degradation is initiated by removal of the cap by the pyrophosphatase Dcp1/Dcp2, which cleaves between the alpha- and beta-phosphates. Oligonucleotides capped with m(2) (7,2'-O )Gpp(S)pG (D2) were completely resistant to hydrolysis by recombinant human Dcp2 in vitro, whereas those capped with m(2) (7,2'-O )Gpp(S)pG (D1) and both isomers of m(2) (7,2'-O )Gppp(S)G were partially resistant. Luciferase mRNA capped with m(2) (7,2'-O )Gpp(S)pG (D2) had a t (1/2) of 257 min in cultured HC11 mammary epithelial cells compared with 86 min for m(7)Gp(3)G-capped mRNA. Luciferase mRNAs capped with m(2) (7,2'-O )Gpp(S)pG (D1) and m(2) (7,2'-O )Gpp(S)pG (D2) were translated 2.8-fold and 5.1-fold, respectively, more efficiently in HC11 cells than those capped with m(7)Gp(3)G. The greater yield of protein due to combining higher translational efficiency with longer t (1/2) of mRNA should benefit applications that utilize RNA transfection such as protein production, anti-cancer immunization, and gene therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.