ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2006
Stealth liposomes: review of the basic science, rationale, and clinical applications, existing and potential.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 634 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
634 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of nanocarriers used in medicine and beyond - definition and categorization framework.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Intraorgan and targeted nanodelivery in organ transplantation of nonhuman primates.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026Article
- PEGylated liposomes enhance the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, anticancer efficacy, and safety of Kaempferol, a phytomolecule enrolled in clinical trials.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles for Cell Engineering in Vivo and in Vitro: Current Applications and Future Directions.MedComm · 2026Review
- Empowering women's health with miRNA-integrated nanochemical approaches: from reproductive health to cancer care.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Optimizing In Vivo CAR T-cell Engineering for Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancer research · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle Clearance and New Horizons in Engineered Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Liposomal encapsulation of a synthetic bromophenol for antitumor efficacy and apoptotic activity in cancer cells.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Engineered microalgal extracellular vesicles for efficient doxorubicin delivery and improved therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Pharmacological Activity of Kaurenoic Acid Nanocarriers and Formulation Considerations for Therapeutic Cancer Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- From Nanoparticle Design to Clinical Translation in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Fluorescence Imaging of DMDG-ICG Across NIR-I and NIR-II Windows Using a Single-Camera System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Direct Retrieval of Biomechanical and Hydrodynamic Parameters for Drug Carrier Liposomes Using Conventional Extrusion Processes.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Affordable, cleanroom-free millifluidic production of targeted lipid nanocarriersLab on a chip · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-Triggered Gelation for Restoring Biomechanical Properties of Degenerated Functional Spinal Units.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- The role of immunomodulatory nano systems in the treatment of sepsis: past, present, and future.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Selective Membrane Protein Enrichment Enables Defined Biomimetic Nanoparticles for Endothelial Targeting.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Development of Chitosan-Coated Liposomes for Oral Delivery of Nadolol: Preparation, Characterization, andCurrent pharmaceutical design · 2026Article
- Tryptanthrin Nanoliposomal Lotion as a Corticosteroid-Free Strategy for Safe and Effective Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis.Biomaterials research · 2026Article
- Nanoplatform-Mediated Remodeling of the Immune Microenvironment in Renal Cell Carcinoma.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
574 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Among several promising new drug-delivery systems, liposomes represent an advanced technology to deliver active molecules to the site of action, and at present several formulations are in clinical use. Research on liposome technology has progressed from conventional vesicles ("first-generation liposomes") to "second-generation liposomes", in which long-circulating liposomes are obtained by modulating the lipid composition, size, and charge of the vesicle. Liposomes with modified surfaces have also been developed using several molecules, such as glycolipids or sialic acid. A significant step in the development of long-circulating liposomes came with inclusion of the synthetic polymer poly-(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in liposome composition. The presence of PEG on the surface of the liposomal carrier has been shown to extend blood-circulation time while reducing mononuclear phagocyte system uptake (stealth liposomes). This technology has resulted in a large number of liposome formulations encapsulating active molecules, with high target efficiency and activity. Further, by synthetic modification of the terminal PEG molecule, stealth liposomes can be actively targeted with monoclonal antibodies or ligands. This review focuses on stealth technology and summarizes pre-clinical and clinical data relating to the principal liposome formulations; it also discusses emerging trends of this promising technology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
17717971PMC2426795What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.