ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2007
Integrated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in drug development.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Model Informed Pediatric Development Applied to Bilastine: Ontogenic PK Model Development, Dose Selection for First Time in Children and PK Study Design.Pharmaceutical research · 2017Trial
- Assessment of differential pharmacodynamic effects using optical coherence tomography in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2012Trial
- Organ-on-a-Chip Technology and Global Multi-Omics: Current Applications and Future Directions.MedComm · 2026Review
- A computational pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic framework for simulating and comparing individualized levodopa dosing in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- VeGA: A Versatile Generative Architecture for Bioactive Molecules across Multiple Therapeutic Targets.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Article
- CPMKG: a condition-based knowledge graph for precision medicine.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2024Article
- Article
- The Role of PK/PD Analysis in the Development and Evaluation of Antimicrobials.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Patient-Specific Organoid and Organ-on-a-Chip: 3D Cell-Culture Meets 3D Printing and Numerical Simulation.Advanced biology · 2021Review
- Multi-Organs-on-Chips: Towards Long-Term Biomedical Investigations.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Risk undermined in the bilateral pharmaceutical regulatory system in Taiwan.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2018Review
- Microtechnology-Based Multi-Organ Models.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Computational modeling of 3D tumor growth and angiogenesis for chemotherapy evaluation.PloS one · 2014Article
- Material basis of Chinese herbal formulas explored by combining pharmacokinetics with network pharmacology.PloS one · 2013Article
- Challenges in design and characterization of ligand-targeted drug delivery systems.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2012Review
- Prediction of exposure-response relationships to support first-in-human study design.The AAPS journal · 2010Review
- Drug Development for Pediatric Populations: Regulatory Aspects.Pharmaceutics · 2010Review
- Pharmacokinetic screening of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in dogs.European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2010Article
- Refinement of the population pharmacokinetic model for the monoclonal antibody matuzumab: external model evaluation and simulations.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2009Article
- A survey of the way pharmacokinetics are reported in published phase I clinical trials, with an emphasis on oncology.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drug development is a complex, lengthy and expensive process. Pharmaceutical companies and regulatory authorities have recognised that the drug development process needs optimisation for efficiency in view of the return on investments. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are the two main principles determining the relationship between dose and response. This article provides an update on integrated approaches towards drug development by linking pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and disease aspects into mathematical models. Gradually, a transition is taking place from a rather empirical approach towards a modelling- and simulation-based approach to drug development. The main learning phases should be phases 0, I and II, whereas phase III studies should merely have a confirmatory purpose. In model-based drug development, mechanism-based mathematical models, which are iteratively refined along the path of development, incorporate the accumulating knowledge of the investigational drug, the disease and their mutual interference in different subsets of the target population. These models facilitate the design of the next study and improve the probability of achieving the projected efficacy and safety endpoints. In this article, several theoretical and practical aspects of an integrated approach towards drug development are discussed, together with some case studies from different therapeutic areas illustrating the application of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic disease models at different stages of drug development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
17713971What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.