SynthesisBMC public health2007
Socioeconomic and racial/ethnic differentials of C-reactive protein levels: a systematic review of population-based studies.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03779737 (Muscular Strength and Aerobic Capacity, a Symbiotic Relationship With Birth Weight and Metabolic Risk of Colombian Scholchildren), which is not on this map. Cited by 175 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Muscular Strength and Aerobic Capacity, a Symbiotic Relationship With Birth Weight and Metabolic Risk of Colombian Scholchildren: Study SIMAC
Who cites it
175 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 290 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical outcomes following COVID-19 infection in ethnic minority groups in the UK: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Public health · 2023Pooled it
- Treatment of periodontitis and C-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2023Pooled it
- Patterning of educational attainment across inflammatory markers: Findings from a multi-cohort study.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Pooled it
- Socioeconomic status in childhood and C reactive protein in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2017Pooled it
- Systematic review of the evidence of a relationship between chronic psychosocial stress and C-reactive protein.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2013Pooled it
- Baseline factors affecting diabetic macular oedema resolution after intravitreal dexamethasone implant treatment: post hoc analysis of the MEAD study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Biological marks of early-life socioeconomic experience is detected in the adult inflammatory transcriptome.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status and inflammation in Mexican American women: what is the role of obesity?Psychosomatic medicine · 2012Trial
- Racial and ethnic disparities in T helper 2-mediated inflammatory skin disorders.Skin health and disease · 2026Review
- Associations among discrimination, genetic susceptibility to inflammation, and C-reactive protein.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Multiracial Cytokine Profiling Reveals Immune Dysregulation not Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Evaluation of regional differences, age, and sex variations in hematological parameters among adolescents in Sudan: a multicenter community-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer: a narrative review.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2026Review
- Impact of Endodontic Treatment on CRP Levels in Apical Periodontitis: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The Relation Between Systemic Inflammation and the Menopause Transition: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- C-reactive protein is associated with pain-type somatic symptoms independent of mental health symptoms in adolescents: Evidence from the ALSPAC study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Does caregiver stress get under the skin? Associations with care recipient inflammation.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- A Phenome-Wide association study (PheWAS) of genetic risk for C-reactive protein in children of European Ancestry: Results from the ABCD study.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Ageing Trajectories: Exposome-Driven Pathobiological Mechanisms and Implications for Prevention from Blue Zones and Italian Longevity Hotspots Such as Cilento and Sicilian Mountain Villages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Breast Inflammation and Its Association with Lymphedema Risk After Axillary Lymph Node Dissection.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
115 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSocioeconomic and racial/ethnic factors strongly influence cardiovascular disease outcomes and risk factors. C-reactive protein (CRP), a non-specific marker of inflammation, is associated with cardiovascular risk, and knowledge about its distribution in the population may help direct preventive efforts. A systematic review was undertaken to critically assess CRP levels according to socioeconomic and racial/ethnic factors.
methodsMedline was searched through December 2006 for population-based studies examining CRP levels among adults with respect to indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP) and/or race/ethnicity. Bibliographies from located studies were scanned and 26 experts in the field were contacted for unpublished work.
resultsThirty-two relevant articles were located. Cross-sectional (n = 20) and cohort studies (n = 11) were included, as was the control group of one trial. CRP levels were examined with respect to SEP and race/ethnicity in 25 and 15 analyses, respectively. Of 20 studies that were unadjusted or adjusted for demographic variables, 19 found inverse associations between CRP levels and SEP. Of 15 similar studies, 14 found differences between racial/ethnic groups such that whites had the lowest while blacks, Hispanics and South Asians had the highest CRP levels. Most studies also included adjustment for potential mediating variables in the causal chain between SEP or race/ethnicity and CRP. Most of these studies showed attenuated but still significant associations.
conclusionIncreasing poverty and non-white race was associated with elevated CRP levels among adults. Most analyses in the literature are underestimating the true effects of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic factors due to adjustment for mediating factors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.