Trial reportPsychonomic bulletin & review2007
Retrograde facilitation under midazolam: the role of general and specific interference.
Trial report in Psychonomic bulletin & review, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of ketamine on fear memory extinction: a review of preclinical literature.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- What is the level of evidence for the amnestic effects of sedatives in pediatric patients? A systematic review and meta-analyses.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Using arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI to explore how midazolam produces anterograde amnesia.Neuroscience letters · 2012Trial
- Midazolam does not inhibit association formation, just its storage and strengthening.Psychopharmacology · 2006Trial
- "Schrödinger's Rat": Testing Consciousness Under Anesthesia Alters Brain State and Neuronal Responses in Auditory Cortex.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Article
- Enhanced Fear Memories and Altered Brain Glucose Metabolism (International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Why it's easier to remember seeing a face we already know than one we don't: preexisting memory representations facilitate memory formation.Psychological science · 2013Article
- Effects of repetition on associative recognition in young and older adults: item and associative strengthening.Psychology and aging · 2011Article
- Memory systems do not divide on consciousness: Reinterpreting memory in terms of activation and binding.Psychological bulletin · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment that used midazolam, a benzodiazepine that creates temporary amnesia, we compared acquisition and retention of paired associates of different types. Some word pairs were studied before the injection of saline or midazolam, and two lists of word pairs were studied after the injection. Critical comparisons involved retention of pairs that were practiced on all three lists, pairs studied on only one list, and pairs that involved recombining cue and response terms from one list to the next, as a function of drug condition. Previous research with benzodiazepines had found retrograde facilitation for material acquired prior to injection, compared with the control condition. One explanation for this facilitation is that the anterograde amnesia produced by the benzodiazepine frees up the hippocampus to better consolidate previously learned material (Wixted, 2004, 2005). We accounted for a rich data set using a simple computational model that incorporated interference effects (cue overload) at retrieval for both general (experimental context) interference and specific (stimulus term) interference without the need to postulate a role for consolidation. The computational model as an Excel spreadsheet may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.