ArticleBMC cancer2007
TGF-beta receptor 2 downregulation in tumour-associated stroma worsens prognosis and high-grade tumours show more tumour-associated macrophages and lower TGF-beta1 expression in colon carcinoma: a retrospective study.
Article in BMC cancer, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association ofGenetics research · 2022Pooled it
- The prognostic and clinicopathological value of tumor-associated macrophages in patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of colorectal disease · 2020Pooled it
- Prognostic significance of tumor-associated macrophages in solid tumor: a meta-analysis of the literature.PloS one · 2012Pooled it
- Texture Features of Computed Tomography Image under the Artificial Intelligence Algorithm and Its Predictive Value for Colorectal Liver Metastasis.Contrast media & molecular imaging · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Exosomal CeRNAs from the tumor microenvironment: hidden drivers of colorectal cancer progression.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Review
- TGFβ signalling pathway impacts brain metastases profiles in locally advanced colorectal cancer.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024Article
- Oral Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Comparative Study.Head and neck pathology · 2024Article
- High Expression of IRS-1, RUNX3 and SMAD4 Are Positive Prognostic Factors in Stage I-III Colon Cancer.Cancers · 2023Article
- The Macrophages-Microbiota Interplay in Colorectal Cancer (CRC)-Related Inflammation: Prognostic and Therapeutic Significance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Metabolic dysfunction and early-onset colorectal cancer - how macrophages build the bridge.Cancer medicine · 2020Review
- Prognostic value and clinicopathological roles of phenotypes of tumour-associated macrophages in colorectal cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2019Review
- Clinicopathological Characterization and Prognostic Implication of SMAD4 Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma.Journal of pathology and translational medicine · 2019Article
- Review
- Macrophages in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.Cancers · 2019Review
- Article
- NFAT1 enhances the effects of tumor-associated macrophages on promoting malignant melanoma growth and metastasis.Bioscience reports · 2018Article
- Tumour-vasculature development via endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition after radiotherapy controls CD44v6Nature communications · 2018Article
- Review
- Prognostic significance of CD68, CD163 and Folate receptor-β positive macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2018Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHistological phenotype and clinical behaviour of malignant tumours are not only dependent on alterations in the epithelial cell compartment, but are affected by their interaction with inflammatory cells and tumour-associated stroma. Studies in animal models have shown influence of tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) on histological grade of differentiation in colon carcinoma. Disruption of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signalling in tumour cells is related to more aggressive clinical behaviour. Expression data of components of this pathway in tumour-associated stroma is limited.
methodsTissue micro arrays of 310 colon carcinomas from curatively resected patients in UICC stage II and III were established. In a first step we quantified amount of CD68 positive TAMs and expression of components of TGF-beta signalling (TGF-beta1, TGF-beta receptors type 1 and 2, Smad 3 and 4) in tumour and associated stroma. Further we analyzed correlation to histological and clinical parameters (histological grade of differentiation (low-grade (i.e. grade 1 and 2) vs. high-grade (i.e. grade 3 and 4)), lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, 5 year cancer related survival) using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, when appropriate, to compare frequencies, Kaplan-Meier method to calculate 5-year rates of distant metastases and cancer-related survival and log rank test to compare the rates of distant metastases and survival. To identify independent prognostic factors Cox regression analysis including lymph node status and grading was performed.
resultsHigh-grade tumours and those with lymph node metastases showed higher rates of TAMs and lower expression of TGF-beta1. Loss of nuclear Smad4 expression in tumor was associated with presence of lymph node metastasis, but no influence on prognosis could be demonstrated. Decrease of both TGF-beta receptors in tumour-associated stroma was associated with increased lymph node metastasis and shorter survival. Stromal TGF-beta receptor 2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for cancer related survival.
conclusionHistological phenotype and clinical behaviour of colon cancer is not only influenced by mutational incidents in tumour cells but also affected by interaction of tumour tissue with inflammatory cells like macrophages and associated stroma and TGF-beta signalling is one important part of this crosstalk. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.