ReviewEpidemiology and infection2008
Part III. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984-2005.
Review in Epidemiology and infection, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of common diarrheagenic enterobacteriaceae in Iran (2000-2023): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Climatic Drivers of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Incidence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Estimating diarrheal illness and deaths attributable to Shigellae and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli among older children, adolescents, and adults in South Asia and Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Pooled it
- Vaccines for the prevention of diarrhea due to cholera, shigella, ETEC and rotavirus.BMC public health · 2013Pooled it
- Protective antibodies against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are generated from heat-labile toxoid vaccination and exhibit subject- and vaccine-specific diversity.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Trial
- EnterotoxigenicProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Trial
- One Health Perspective on the EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Porcine β-Defensin 2 Expressed inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Escherichia coli Contamination of Water for Human Consumption and Its Associated Factors in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Global, regional and national epidemiology and prevalence of child stunting, wasting and underweight in low- and middle-income countries, 2006-2018.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Frequency of five Escherichia Coli pathotypes in Iranian adults and children with acute diarrhea.PloS one · 2021Article
- An overview of diarrheagenicJournal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2019Review
- (Patho-)Physiology of NaFrontiers in physiology · 2019Review
- Review of Newly Identified Functions Associated With the Heat-Labile Toxin of EnterotoxigenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Heat-Labile Enterotoxin-Induced PERK-CHOP Pathway Activation Causes Intestinal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- Pathogen-induced secretory diarrhea and its prevention.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2016Review
- Distribution of Enteroinvasive and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Across Space and Time in Northwestern Ecuador.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2016Article
- Influence ofClinical and experimental gastroenterology · 2016Review
- Chemical synthesis of the outer core oligosaccharide of Escherichia coli R3 and immunological evaluation.Organic & biomolecular chemistry · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common cause of profuse watery diarrhoea in the developing world, often leading to severe dehydration or death. We found only 15 population-based studies in low and medium human development index (HDI) countries from 1984 to 2005 that evaluate disease incidence. Reported incidence ranged from 39 to 4460 infections/1000 persons per year. The peak incidence of ETEC appeared to occur between ages 6 and 18 months. A median of 14% (range 2-36%) of diarrhoeal specimens were positive for ETEC in 19 facility- and population-based studies conducted in all age groups and 13% (range 3-39%) in 51 studies conducted in children only. Heat-labile toxin (LT)-ETEC is thought to be less likely to cause disease than heat-stable toxin (ST)-ETEC or LT/ST-ETEC. Because population-based studies involve enhanced clinical management of patients and facility-based studies include only the most severe illnesses, reliable data on complications and mortality from ETEC infections was unavailable. To reduce gaps in the current understanding of ETEC incidence, complications and mortality, large population-based studies combined with facility-based studies covering a majority of the corresponding population are needed, especially in low-HDI countries. Moreover, a standard molecular definition of ETEC infection is needed to be able to compare results across study sites.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.