ArticleOncogene2008
Microglia-derived TGF-beta as an important regulator of glioblastoma invasion--an inhibition of TGF-beta-dependent effects by shRNA against human TGF-beta type II receptor.
Article in Oncogene, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 155 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
155 citing papers in PubMed, 254 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Imbalance Between Tumor Immunosurveillance and Tumor Immune Escape in Glioblastoma.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Neuro-immune crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment: mechanisms and therapeutic implications for cancer immunotherapy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Review
- Asthma-mediated control of optic glioma growth via T cell-microglia interactions: A mathematical model.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- Dysregulated Microglial Synaptic Engulfment in Diffuse Midline Glioma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Harnessing the role of transforming growth factor-β in glioblastoma: a focus on phytochemicals.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Endothelial activation during the diapedesis of cancer cells: between the kiss of death and therapeutic breakthrough.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- Tumor heterogeneity and resistance in glioblastoma: the role of stem cells.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- Exploring tumor-associated macrophages in glioblastoma: from diversity to therapy.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
- Review
- Review
- Advances in bioengineered CAR T/NK cell therapy for glioblastoma: Overcoming immunosuppression and nanotechnology-based strategies for enhanced CAR T/NK cell therapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with malignant glioma-From neuroimmunology to clinical trial design considerations.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Silencing epileptic storms: targeting miRNA-lncRNA crosstalk in astrocytes and microglia to disarm neuroinflammatory triggers.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Regulation and Crosstalk of Cells and Factors in the Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Review
- CAR-T cell therapy for the treatment of adult high-grade gliomas.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Review
- Microglia and macrophages in glioblastoma: landscapes and treatment directions.Molecular oncology · 2024Review
- Lineage specification in glioblastoma is regulated by METTL7B.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Dissecting TGF-β-induced glioblastoma invasion with engineered hyaluronic acid hydrogels.APL bioengineering · 2024Article
- PL-hMSC and CH-hMSC derived soluble factors inhibit proliferation but improve hGBM cell migration by activating TGF-β and inhibiting Wnt signaling.Bioscience reports · 2024Article
95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The invasion of tumor cells into brain tissue is a pathologic hallmark of malignant gliomas and contributes to treatment failures. Diffuse glioblastomas contain numerous microglial cells, which enhance the progression of gliomas; however, factors responsible for invasion-promoting role of microglia are unknown. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) can enhance tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis and immunosuppression. Antagonizing TGF-beta activity has been shown to inhibit tumor invasion in vitro and tumorigenicity, but a systemic inhibition or lack of TGF-beta signaling results in acute inflammation and disruption of immune system homeostasis. We developed plasmid-transcribed small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to downregulate the TGF-beta type II receptor (TbetaIIR) expression, which effectively inhibited cytokine-induced signaling pathways and transcriptional responses in transiently transfected human glioblastoma cells. Silencing of TbetaIIR abolished TGF-beta-induced glioblastoma invasiveness and migratory responses in vitro. Moreover, tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cells stably expressing TbetaIIR shRNAs in nude mice was reduced by 50%. Microglia strongly enhanced glioma invasiveness in the co-culture system, but this invasion-promoting activity was lost in glioma cells stably expressing shTbetaRII, indicating a crucial role of microglia-derived TGF-beta in tumor-host interactions. Our results demonstrate a successful targeting of TGF-beta-dependent invasiveness and tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cells by RNAi-mediated gene silencing.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.